Table 1.
Summary of included studies and participants.
| Study | Treatment | N (ITT) | Duration | Outcome measure | Response Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alves et al 199920 | venlafaxine fluoxetine |
40 47 |
12 | HRSD | .85 .75 |
| Amsterdam et al 200321 | selegiline placebo |
145 144 |
8 | MADRS | .33* .21 |
| Baldwin et al 199622 | nefazodone paroxetine |
100 95 |
8 | CGI | .55 .61 |
| Beasley et al 199123 | fluoxetine trazodone |
63 57 |
6 | HRSD | .62 .69 |
| Behnke et al 200324 | mirtazipine sertraline |
171 168 |
8 | HRSD | .68 .68 |
| Benkert et al 200025 | mirtazipine paroxetine |
127 123 |
6 | HRSD | .58 .54 |
| Bielski et al 200426 | escitalopram venlafaxine XR |
97 98 |
8 | HRSD | .61 .48 |
| Bignamini et al 199227 | paroxetine amitriptyline |
151 152 |
6 | HRSD | .60 .65 |
| Bodkin et al 200228 | selegiline TD placebo |
88 88 |
6 | HRSD | .33* .20 |
| Bouchard et al 198729 | citalopram maprotiline |
46 44 |
6 | MADRS | .78 .73 |
| Boyer et al 200830 | desvenlafaxine 50 desvenlafaxine 100 placebo |
164 158 161 |
8 | HRSD | .65* .63* .50 |
| Burke et al 200231 | escitalopram 10 escitalopram 20 citalopram placebo |
118 123 125 119 |
MADRS | .50* .51* .46* .28 |
|
| Byerly et al 198832 | fluoxetine imipramine placebo |
32 34 29 |
6 | CGI | .43* .41* .13 |
| Chouinard et al 199933 | paroxetine fluoxetine |
100 98 |
12 | HRSD | .67 .68 |
| Christiansen et al 199634 | paroxetine amitriptyline |
71 73 |
8 | CGI | .65 .66 |
| Claghorn et al 199635 | fluvoxamine imipramine placebo |
44 44 45 |
6 | CGI | .48* .45* .27 |
| Claghorn et al 199236 | paroxetine placebo |
163 162 |
6 | CGI | .42* .27 |
| Cohn et al 199637 | nefazodone imipramine placebo |
39 38 42 |
8 | HRSD | .64* .64* .36 |
| Cohn et al 198538 | fluoxetine imipramine placebo |
54 54 58 |
6 | HRSD | .72* .42 .30 |
| Coleman et al 199939 | buproprion sertraline placebo |
118 109 117 |
8 | HRSD | .66 .61 .56 |
| Coleman et al 200140 | buproprion fluoxetine placebo |
136 146 145 |
8 | HRSD | .56 .57 .50 |
| Cosa e Silva et al 199841 | venlafaxine fluoxetine |
196 186 |
8 | CGI | .81 .84 |
| Croft et al 199942 | buproprion sertaline placebo |
116 116 116 |
8 | HRSD | .66* .68* .47 |
| Cunningham et al 199743 | venlafaxine venlafaxine XR placebo |
92 87 99 |
12 | CGI | .70* .52* .28 |
| Cunningham et al 199444 | venlafaxine trazodone placebo |
65 73 75 |
6 | HRSD | .72* .60 .55 |
| Dalery et al 200345 | fluvoxamine fluoxetine |
86 91 |
6 | HRSD | .60 .58 |
| Davey et al 198846 | trazodone qd trazodone tid |
95 87 |
6 | CGI | .58 .60 |
| DeMartinis et al 200747 | desvenlafaxine 100 desvenlafaxine 200 desvenlafaxine 400 placebo |
114 116 113 118 |
8 | HRSD | .51* .45 .48* .35 |
| Detke et al 200248 | duloxetine placebo |
121 115 |
9 | HRSD | .45* .23 |
| Detke et al 200249 | duloxetine placebo |
128 139 |
9 | HRSD | .50* .35 |
| Detke et al 200450 | duloxetine 80 duloxetine 120 paroxetine placebo |
95 93 86 93 |
8 | HRSD | .65* .71* .74* .44 |
| De Wilde et al 199351 | paroxetine fluoxetine |
37 41 |
6 | HRSD | .68 .63 |
| Debus et al 198852 | fluoxetine trazodone |
18 17 |
6 | HRSD | .50 .53 |
| Dierick et al 199653 | venlafaxine fluoxetine |
153 161 |
8 | HRSD | .72* .60 |
| Dunbar et al 199354 | paroxetine placebo |
138 135 |
6 | HRSD | .52* .22 |
| Dunlop et al 199055 | fluoxetine 20 fluoxetine 40 fluoxetine 60 placebo |
103 99 97 56 |
6 | HRSD | .40 .40 .35* .26 |
| Dunlop et al 201156 | desvenlafaxine placebo |
285 142 |
12 | HRSD | .61* .46 |
| Fabre et al 199257 | fluvoxamine imipramine placebo |
46 48 44 |
6 | HRSD | .52 .52 .33 |
| Fava et al 199858 | fluoxetine paroxetine placebo |
54 55 19 |
12 | HRSD | .57 .58 .53 |
| Fawcett et al 198959 | fluoxetine amitriptyline |
19 19 |
6 | HRSD | .75 .78 |
| Feighner et al 199160 | buproprion fluoxetine |
59 60 |
6 | HRSD | .63 .58 |
| Feighner et al 199361 | paroxetine imipramine placebo |
240 240 237 |
6 | HRSD | .39* .38* .21 |
| Feighner et al 199962 | citalopram 10 citalopram 20 citalopram 40 citalopram 60 placebo |
131 130 131 129 129 |
6 | MADRS | .48* .46* .61* .58* .32 |
| Feiger et al 199663 | nefazodone sertraline |
71 72 |
6 | HRSD | .59 .57 |
| Feiger et al 200964 | desvenlafaxine placebo |
117 118 |
8 | HRSD | .39 .31 |
| Fontaine et al 199465 | nefazodone low nefazodone high imipramine placebo |
46 44 45 |
6 | HRSD | .35 .57* .49* .31 |
| Fournier et al 199766 | sertraline imipramine |
43 45 |
8 | HRSD | .71 .74 |
| Gentil et al 200267 | venlafaxine amitriptyline |
57 58 |
8 | HRSD | .75 .76 |
| Golden et al 200268 | paroxetine CR paroxetine placebo |
206 211 205 |
12 | HRSD | .60* .56 .48 |
| Goldstein et al 200069 | duloxetine fluoxetine placebo |
66 33 68 |
8 | HRSD | .64 .52 .48 |
| Goldstein et al 200470 | duloxetine 40 duloxetine 80 paroxetine placebo |
86 91 87 89 |
8 | HRSD | .44 .51* .40 .31 |
| Hewett et al 200971 | bupropion XR venlafaxine XR placebo |
187 182 197 |
8 | MADRS | .57* .65* .46 |
| Hewett et al 201072 | bupropion venlafaxine placebo |
202 193 186 |
8 | MADRS | .57 .66* .49 |
| Hicks et al 200273 | nefazodone paroxetine |
20 20 |
8 | HRSD | .55 .80 |
| Higuchi et al 201174 | paroxetine CR paroxetine IR placebo |
158 83 171 |
8 | HRSD | .63* .57 .46 |
| Hong et al 200375 | mirtazipine fluoxetine |
66 66 |
6 | HRSD | .58 .51 |
| Hsu et al 201176 | citalopram sertraline |
21 21 |
6 | MADRS | .41 .29 |
| Hunter et al 201177 | fluoxetine placebo |
12 11 |
8 | HRSD | .50 .54 |
| Kasper et al 200578 | trazodone paroxetine |
50 53 |
6 | HRSD | .87 .91 |
| Keegan et al 199179 | fluoxetine amitriptyline |
18 19 |
6 | HRSD | .63 .69 |
| Khan et al 199880 | venlafaxine 75 venlafaxine 150 venlafaxine 200 placebo |
83 89 81 93 |
12 | HRSD | .52* .52* .60* .33 |
| Khan et al 200781 | escitalopram duloxetine |
136 126 |
8 | HRSD | .61 .52 |
| Khan et al 201182 | vilazodone placebo |
231 232 |
8 | HRSD | .44* .33 |
| Lee et al 200783 | duloxetine paroxetine |
238 240 |
8 | HRSD | .61 .65 |
| Leinonen et al 199984 | mirtazipine citalopram |
136 133 |
8 | MADRS | .85 .88 |
| Lepola et al 200385 | citalopram escitalopram placebo |
159 155 154 |
8 | MADRS | .53 .64* .48 |
| Liebowitz et al 200886 | desvenlafaxine 50 desvenlafaxine 100 placebo |
150 147 150 |
8 | HRSD | .54* .52 .45 |
| Lineberry et al 199087 | buproprion placebo |
110 106 |
6 | HRSD | .51* .34 |
| Lydiard et al 198988 | fluvoxamine imipramine placebo |
17 18 17 |
6 | HRSD | .53 .67* .30 |
| Lydiard et al 199789 | sertraline amityptiline placebo |
132 131 129 |
8 | HRSD | .55* .53* .37 |
| McPartlin et al 199890 | venlafaxine XR paroxetine |
175 161 |
12 | HRSD | .75 .70 |
| Mehtonen et al 200091 | venlafaxine sertraline |
75 72 |
8 | HRSD | .73* .59 |
| Mendels et al 199392 | venlafaxine low venlafaxine med venlafaxine high placebo |
79 76 79 78 |
6 | CGI | .60 .65 .68 .50 |
| Moller et al 200093 | sertraline amitriptyline |
100 105 |
6 | HRSD | .51 .68 |
| Montgomery et al 200494 | escitalopram venlafaxine XR |
146 142 |
8 | MADRS | .77 .80 |
| Moore et al 200595 | escitalopram citalopram |
138 142 |
8 | MADRS | .76* .61 |
| Nemeroff et al 200796 | venlafaxine fluoxetine placebo |
96 100 101 |
6 | HRSD | .53* .45 .37 |
| Nierenberg et al 200797 | duloxetine escitalopram placebo |
273 274 137 |
8 | HRSD | .43* .41 .32 |
| Noguera et al 199198 | fluoxetine imipramine |
60 60 |
6 | CGI | .83* .50 |
| Ohrberg et al 199299 | paroxetine imipramine |
65 65 |
6 | HRSD | .46 .39 |
| Ontiveros et al 1997100 | paroxetine fluoxetine |
60 61 |
6 | HRSD | .71 .67 |
| Ou et al 2011101 | escitalopram citalopram |
115 117 |
6 | HRSD | .72 .74 |
| Owens et al 2008102 | paroxetine CR venlafaxine XR |
40 41 |
8 | MADRS | .65 .71 |
| Patris et al 1996103 | citalopram fluoxetine |
153 161 |
8 | MADRS | .78 .76 |
| Perry et al 1989104 | fluoxetine trazodone |
21 19 |
6 | HRSD | .71 .82 |
| Peselow et al 1989105 | paroxetine imipramine placebo |
40 36 42 |
6 | HRSD | .48* .64* .33 |
| Reimherr et al 1990106 | setraline amitryptiline placebo |
142 144 141 |
8 | HRSD | .54* .60* .35 |
| Rickels et al 1985107 | fluvoxamine qd fluvoxamine bid |
90 84 |
6 | HRSD | .52 .52 |
| Rickels et al 1994108 | nefazodone imipramine placebo |
86 86 86 |
8 | HRSD | .52 .36 .31 |
| Rickels et al 2009109 | vilazodone placebo |
198 199 |
8 | HRSD | .44* .33 |
| Roth et al 1990110 | fluvoxamine desipramine placebo |
27 24 29 |
6 | CGI | .63 .63 .38 |
| Rudolph et al 1998111 | venlafaxine 75 venlafaxine 225 venlafaxine 375 placebo |
77 79 75 92 |
6 | HRSD | .42 .50* .52* .30 |
| Rudolph et al 1999112 | venlafaxine fluoxetine placebo |
95 103 97 |
8 | HRSD | .57 .50 .42 |
| Samuelian et al 1998113 | venlafaxine clomipramine |
52 46 |
7 | HRSD | .59 .43 |
| Sauer et al 2003114 | venlafaxine amitriptyline |
76 75 |
6 | HRSD | .40 .47 |
| Schweizer et al 1994115 | venlafaxine imipramine placebo |
64 71 78 |
6 | HRSD | .60* .37 .35 |
| Septien-Velez et al 2007116 | desvenlafaxine 200 desvenlafaxine 400 placebo |
121 124 124 |
8 | HRSD | .60* .56* .38 |
| Sheehan et al 2009117 | trazodone placebo |
202 204 |
8 | HRSD | .54* .41 |
| Shrivastava et al 1992118 | paroxetine imipramine placebo |
33 36 38 |
6 | HRSD | .42* .25 .26 |
| Smith et al 1992119 | paroxetine placebo |
33 33 |
6 | HRSD | .45* .24 |
| Swann et al 1997120 | phenelzine desipramine |
23 16 |
6 | HRSD | .57 .57 |
| Thase et al 1997121 | venlafaxine placebo |
91 100 |
8 | HRSD | .58* .29 |
| Tourian et al 2009122 | desvenlafaxine 50 desvenlafaxine 100 duloxetine placebo |
148 150 157 160 |
8 | HRSD | .39 .49 .47 .38 |
| Tylee et al 1997123 | venlafaxine fluoxetine |
147 156 |
12 | HRSD | .65 .70 |
| Wade et al 2002124 | escitalopram placebo |
188 189 |
8 | MADRS | .55* .42 |
| Wade et al 2007125 | escitalopram duloxetine |
141 146 |
8 | MADRS | .69* .58 |
| Walczak et al 1996126 | fluvoxamine 25 fluvoxamine 50 fluvoxamine 100 fluvoxamine 150 placebo |
144 144 144 144 144 |
8 | HRSD | .42 .50 .59* .58* .38 |
| Weisler et al 1994127 | buproprion trazodone |
59 52 |
6 | HRSD | .56 .42 |
| Wernicke et al 1988128 | fluoxetine 5 fluoxetine 20 fluoxetine 40 placebo |
94 91 92 77 |
6 | HRSD | .46* .50* .48* .23 |
| Wernicke et al 1987129 | fluoxetine 20 fluoxetine 40 fluoxetine 60 placebo |
97 97 103 48 |
6 | HRSD | .39* .44* .30* .19 |
| Yevtushenko et al 2007130 | escitalopram citalopram 10 citalopram 20 |
108 106 108 |
6 | MADRS | .95* .44 .83* |
*
p < 0.05 vs. comparison group