Table 2.
Metabolic characteristics of subjects with low hepatic fat content compared to subjects with high hepatic fat content (%), adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity
| Low hepatic fat content <5.5% (n = 13) | High hepatic fat content >5.5% (n = 13) | P value | P value adjusted | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) | 95.6 (92.3, 98.9) | 106.6 (95.9, 117.3) | 0.081 | 0.086 |
| 2 h-Glucose (mg/dl) | 115.6 (103.5, 127.7) | 142.9 (114.9, 170.8) | 0.095 | 0.340 |
| Fasting plasma insulin (μU/ml) | 27.3 (19.0, 35.7) | 51.3 (34.7, 67.9) | 0.014 | 0.023a |
| 2 h-Insulin (μU/ml) | 104.5 (53.5, 155.6) | 241.5 (118.8, 364.16) | 0.101 | 0.170a |
| Fasting C-peptide (pmol/l) | 835.8 (380.9, 1,290.7) | 1,282.3 (902.1, 1,662.5) | 0.059 | 0.654a |
| 2 h-C-peptide (pmol/l) | 2,381.0 (1,784.9, 2,977.1) | 4,152.0 (2,665.4, 5,638.6) | 0.010 | 0.013a |
| Insulin sensitivity indexes | ||||
| HOMAIR | 6.5 (4.4, 8.6) | 13.5 (9.0, 18.0) | 0.010 | 0.014a |
| WBISI (Matsuda index) (10–4dl/min per μU/ml) | 2.6 (1.6, 3.6) | 1.2 (0.7, 1.7) | 0.002 | 0.005a |
| M/LBM (kg/LBMamin) | 11.4 (8.2, 14.5) | 6.8 (4.9, 8.7) | 0.015 | 0.006a |
| Lipids | ||||
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 41.7 (38.1, 45.3) | 39.7 (35.2, 44.2) | 0.504 | 0.685a |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 96.7 (75.7, 117.7) | 148.3 (94.3, 202.3) | 0.091 | 0.153a |
| Free fatty acids (FFA) (μmol/l) | 178.7 (416.4, 541.0) | 638.0 (519.3, 756.7) | 0.017 | 0.023a |
| Liver enzymes | ||||
| ALT (IU/l) | 13.3 (9.4, 17.2) | 33.5 (20.8, 46.1) | 0.003 | 0.007a |
| AST (IU/l) | 16.3 (17.8, 17.9) | 25.5 (19.1, 31.8) | 0.001 | 0.005a |
| GGT (IU/l) | 22.1 (0.4, 43.8) | 31.4 (16.7, 46.2) | 0.009 | 0.305a |
| Adipokines | ||||
| Total adiponectin (μg/ml) | 9.7 (6.3, 13.0) | 5.1 (4.3, 5.9) | 0.002 | 0.009a |
| High molecular weight adiponectin (μg/ml) | 1.9 (0.6, 3.3) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) | 0.217 | 0.136a |
| Leptin (ng/ml) | 35.9 (24.4, 47.4) | 31.1 (22.8, 39.4) | 0.342 | 0.723a |
| TNFα (pg/ml) | 1.95 (1.40, 2.50) | 2.24 (1.61, 2.87) | 0.473 | 0.479a |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 1.47 (0.91, 2.04) | 2.32 (1.45, 3.20) | 0.097 | 0.049a |
Data are presented as means (95% CI). P values in bold indicate significance.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMAIR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; IL-6, interleukin-6; LBM, lean body mass; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; WBISI, whole body insulin sensitivity index.
a
P value for log transformed data.