Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants
| Characteristic | Vitamin D (n=30) | Placebo (n=15) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, years | 47 ±8a | 40 ±10a | 0.009 |
| Sex | 0.263 | ||
| Male, n (%) | 25 (83) | 10 (67) | |
| Female, n (%) | 5(17) | 5(33) | |
| Race | 0.814 | ||
| White, n(%) | 4(13) | 3(20) | |
| Black, n (%) | 23 (77) | 12 (80) | |
| Latino, n(%) | 2(7) | 0(0) | |
| Other, n (%) | 1(3) | 0(0) | |
| HIV parameters | |||
| Baseline CD4+ T-cell count, cells/µl | 564 (383–761)b | 608 (470–951)b | 0.271 |
| Nadir CD4+T-count, cells/µl | 127 (38–231)b | 173 (30–231)b | 0.688 |
| Baseline viral load, copies/ml | 48 (48-48)b | 48(48–111)b | 0.172 |
| Undetectable (<48 copies/ml) viral load, n (%) | 25 (83) | 10 (67) | 0.263 |
| HIV duration, years | 11 ±7a | 9 ±4a | 0.445 |
| ART duration, years | 7(4–11)b | 7 (4–8)b | 0.402 |
| Metabolic parameters | |||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28 (25–32)b | 27 (23–31)b | 0.354 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 192 ±42a | 194 ±53a | 0.922 |
| HDL, mg/dl | 40 (36–51)b | 48 (39–56)b | 0.126 |
| Non-HDL, mg/dl | 149 ±39a | 144 ±59a | 0.733 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 155 (95–243)b | 99 (58–202)b | 0.233 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.1 (1.0–3.6)b | 1.9 (1.0–2.9)b | 0.696 |
| H0MA-IR>3.0, n(%) | 10 (33) | 3(20) | 0.492 |
| Additional cardiovascular risk factors | |||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 118±14a | 119 ±12a | 0.888 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 79 ±9a | 81 ±9a | 0.662 |
| Smoking | 0.780 | ||
| Current, n (%) | 13 (43) | 7(47) | |
| Past, n (%) | 7(23) | 2(13) | |
| Never, n (%) | 10 (33) | 6(40) | |
| Medication use | |||
| Protease inhibitor, n (%) | 13 (43) | 5(33) | 0.519 |
| NNRTI, n(%) | 11 (37) | 11 (73) | 0.020 |
| Lipid-lowering medication, n (%) | 8(27) | 2(13) | 0.456 |
| Anti-hypertensive, n (%) | 11 (37) | 5(33) | 0.826 |
Values in bold indicate statistical significance (P<0.05).
a
Normally distributed data presented as mean ±sd.
b
Non-normally distributed data presented as median (IQR); ART, antiretroviral therapy; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.