. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: Acad Emerg Med. 2013 Aug;20(8):848–854. doi: 10.1111/acem.12174

Table 3.

Performance of Automated Classification Compared to Physician Raters

Study and Coding Method	Sensitivity	Specificity
This study, hybrid automated (95% CI)	0.933 (0.897–0.959)	0.969 (0.964–0.973)
Hripcsak 1995,¹⁸ 7 internists^*^†	0.839	0.983
Hripcsak 1995,¹⁸ 7 radiologists^*^†	0.854	0.986
Hripcsak 1998,¹⁹ 12 physicians^* (95% CI)	0.87 (0.84–0.90)	0.98 (0.98–0.99)
Chapman 1999,² 1 physician (95% CI)	0.900 (0.812–0.956)	0.811 (0.753–0.848)
Fiszman 2000,²⁰ 4 physicians^*^†	0.94	0.91
Solti 2009,²¹ 11 physicians^*^†	0.85	0.95

Average.

^†

95% CI not reported or not calculable from published results.