Table 3.

OLS and FE of academic achievement (KS scores) on child adiposity (fat mass).

	OLS					Child FE
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
A. KS3 (at 14)
Fat mass (at age 11)	−0.110***	−0.051***	−0.042***	−0.043***	−0.037**	−0.030*
	(0.016)	(0.014)	(0.014)	(0.014)	(0.015)	(0.017)
R-squared	0.02	0.26	0.29	0.28	0.32	0.06
Number of children	3001	3001	3001	2846	2846	3001
N × T						6002
B. KS2 (at 11)
Fat Mass (at age 9)	−0.074***	−0.030**	−0.025*	−0.027*	−0.025*	−0.030*
	(0.015)	(0.014)	(0.014)	(0.015)	(0.015)	(0.017)
R-squared	0.01	0.21	0.23	0.23	0.26	0.06
Number of children	3001	3001	3001	2846	2846	3001
N × T						6002
Contextual variables	−	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yesa
Mother's health and behaviour	−	−	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yesa
School fixed effects	−	−	−	−	Yes	−

Notes: Robust standard errors in parentheses. The contextual variables include: birth weight, number of older and younger siblings under 18, age in months, log equivalised family income and its square, mother's educational level, mother's parents’ educational level, raised by natural father, social class, maternal age at birth, parents’ employment status, and IMD. Mother's health and behaviour include: mother's smoking and drinking during pregnancy, breastfeeding, mother's ‘locus of control’, two measures of maternal mental health (EPDS and CCEI), parental involvement or interest in the child's development, and parents’ engagement in active (outdoor) activities with their child. Including school fixed effects drops 155 children from the analysis, as we only observe a single child in their school.

^aThe child fixed effects analysis drops all time-invariant indicators, hence we only include the child's age as a covariate.

^*p < 0.10.

^**p < 0.05.

^***p < 0.01.