Table 1. Genetic variability estimated at 39 autosomal microsatellite loci (STR) and at the K^B melanistic deletion on the β-defensin CBD103 gene in the wolf, dog and putative hybrid sampled groups used in this study.

Group*	n a	Na/Npb	Hoc	UHed	FIS e	%LEf	PIDf	PIDsibg	K +/K+h	KB/K +h	KB/KB h
DIT	31	7.1/35	0.69	0.71	0.07*	2.4	2.0E-39	9.1E-16	21 (0.70)	8 (0.20)	2 (0.07)
DAP	26	5.0/4	0.63	0.64	0.03	2.0	2.5E-31	1.8E-13	17 (0.65)	8 (0.31)	1 (0.04)
DCZ	12	3.3/0	0.50	0.48	−0.03	0.7	5.4E-20	1.8E-09	12 (1.00)	0	0
WIT	63	4.0/4	0.46	0.48	0.06*	1.3	1.1E-21	3.8E-10	63 (1.00)	0	0
WCZ	10	4.1/6	0.58	0.66	0.13*	3.0	7.8E-29	6.2E-13	10 (1.00)	0	0
WHR	26	5.6/18	0.68	0.70	0.03	1.3	4.2E-35	1.0E-14	26 (1.00)	0	0
WDCZ	73	4.7/12	0.54	0.54	0.00	1.6	8.2E-24	4.7E-11	73 (1.00)	0	0
HYIT	30	5.3/5	0.53	0.57	0.08*	1.9	2.6E-26	8.5E-12	23 (0.77)	7 (0.23)	0

^*DIT = Village dogs from Italy; DAP = Apennine dogs; DCZ = German Shepherd dogs from Czech and Slovakian republics; WIT = Wolves from Italy; WCZ = Wolves from Carpathian Mountains; WHR = Wolves from Croatia; WDCZ = Czechoslovakian wolfdogs; HYIT = putative wolf x dog hybrids from Italy.

^a n = sample size.

^bNa = average number of alleles per STR locus; Np = total number of private STR alleles in each sampled group.

^cHo = average observed heterozygosity over 39 autosomal STRs.

^dUHe = average expected heterozygosity (unbiased) over 39 autosomal STRs.

^eF_IS = deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (* P<0.01).

^f%LE = proportion of significant correlations (P = 0.05, Bonferroni corrected) among 39×39 pairwise STR comparisons.

^gPID and PIDsib = Hardy-Weinberg probability-of-identity among unrelated and full sib individuals in the sampled groups, computed using 39 autosomal STRs.

^hnumber and frequency (in parenthesis) of genotypes at the β-defensin CBD103 gene: K ⁺/K⁺ = homozygotes wild-type (no deletion); K^B/K ⁺ = heterozygotes for the K^B melanistic deletion; = K^B/K^B = homozygotes for the K^B melanistic deletion.