Table 1. Typical characteristics of selected model basidiomycetes representative of preferring different plant material/components degradation.

Name of the basidiomycete	Type of fungi	Well-known for	Substrate preference	Preference of degradation of plant component	P450 count	References
Phanerochaete chrysosporium	White rot	Model fungus for understanding the mechanism of wood degradation	Hardwood	Efficiently degrades all plant cell wall components (lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose)	149	4, 19, 41
Phanerochaete carnosa HHB-10118-Sp.	White rot	Model fungus for understanding the mechanism of softwood degradation	Softwood (coniferous wood)	Efficiently degrades all plant cell wall components (lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose)	266	10
Agaricus bisporus var bisporus (H97)	–	Model fungus for understanding the adaptation, persistence, and growth in the humic-rich leaf litter environment. Premier cultivated button mushroom.	Leaf and litter	Non-wood secondary decomposer, leaf and needle litter degrader	109	21, 44
Ganoderma sp. 10597 SS1 v1.0/Ganoderma lucidum strain 260125-1	White rot	Shelf mushrooms or bracket fungi/model fungus for study of the biosynthesis of natural medicines	Softwood and hardwood	Capable of removing plant cell wall components, either lignin only (selective delignification) or both lignin and cellulose	209/198	9, 11,12
Postia placenta MAD 698-R	Brown rot	Model brown rot fungus used for study of wood degradation	Hardwood	Primarily degrades plant cell wall component cellulose and hemicellulose	190	5, 20
Serpula lacrymans S7.3	Brown rot (dry rot)	Model system to study evolutionary processes and life history traits in basidiomycetes. Well known as dry rot, destroyer of indoor wood construction,	Dry hardwood	Primarily degrades plant cell wall component cellulose and hemicellulose	164	6, 44
Out-group fungi (non-wood-degraders)
Tremella mesenterica	Golden jelly fungus	Mycoparasite	–	–	8	8,44
Cryptococcus neoformans	Opportunistic pathogen	Animal pathogen/parasite	–	–	10	46,52

As an out-group, the non-wood-degrading basidiomycete species, Tremella mesenterica (mycoparasite) and Cryptococcus neoformans (animal pathogen/parasite) are also shown in the table. Phanerochaete carnosa has been exclusively isolated from softwood (10) has been represented as model basidiomycete for understanding the mechanism of softwood degradation. In comparison to Ganoderma lucidum, the model medicinal mushroom (9), Ganoderma sp. proved to have an additional 10 sub-families in its genome (12). For this reason, in this study we used Ganoderma sp. P450s as representative of Ganoderma lucidum.