Table 3. Selected lifestyle and medical characteristics of participants by sex and study area.
| n | Study area | |||||||||||
| Total | Chiba | Shizuoka | Okazaki | ACC | Takashima | Kyoto | Tokushima | Fukuoka | Saga | Amami | ||
| Men | ||||||||||||
| Current smokers (%) | 2123 | 29.1 | 23.5 | 23.6 | 25.6 | 31.0 | 35.7 | 41.8 | 31.5 | 33.0 | 34.3 | 23.3 |
| Ex-smokers (%) | 2123 | 42.9 | 42.3 | 48.3 | 50.2 | 44.2 | 33.3 | 33.6 | 38.4 | 39.4 | 42.9 | 39.1 |
| Current drinkers (%)a | 2121 | 71.4 | 78.5 | 73.4 | 62.6 | 66.9 | 73.8 | 68.0 | 61.6 | 70.2 | 71.4 | 84.1 |
| Exercise ≥1/month (%) | 2109 | 82.9 | 87.1 | 88.7 | 81.0 | 83.5 | 60.1 | 81.0 | 94.5 | 89.9 | 85.3 | 75.9 |
| Body mass index ≥25.0 (%) | 2114 | 29.5 | 29.1 | 25.2 | 26.4 | 22.6 | 27.0 | 23.8 | 41.1 | 31.4 | 27.7 | 52.8 |
| History of hypertension (%) | 2052 | 25.2 | 28.2 | 14.7 | 29.5 | 24.0 | 28.7 | 9.9 | 21.9 | 44.4 | 28.6 | 32.1 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 1698 | 130.1 ± 18.8 | NA | 121.9 ± 14.8 | 128.7 ± 15.2 | NA | 133.0 ± 19.5 | 122.8 ± 16.0 | 119.8 ± 17.6 | 144.0 ± 19.6 | 138.3 ± 19.3 | 132.0 ± 17.7 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) |
1698 | 80.8 ± 11.9 | NA | 76.5 ± 10.5 | 81.4 ± 9.1 | NA | 81.2 ± 11.2 | 74.3 ± 11.9 | 73.7 ± 12.8 | 88.0 ± 11.1 | 86.0 ± 12.8 | 81.9 ± 11.1 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 1296 | 205.2 ± 32.3 | NA | 201.3 ± 29.3 | 205.9 ± 32.0 | NA | 208.3 ± 35.6 | —b | 209.0 ± 31.4 | 209.9 ± 31.5 | 203.6 ± 33.6 | 208.0 ± 35.7 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 1378 | 58.9 ± 15.9 | NA | 58.3 ± 15.4 | 64.1 ± 17.5 | NA | 59.4 ± 17.0 | 61.4 ± 17.6 | 52.5 ± 11.6 | 54.5 ± 16.1 | 55.3 ± 14.2 | 57.7 ± 13.4 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 1377 | 135.9 ± 93.0 | NA | 122.8 ± 68.6 | 120.8 ± 86.5 | NA | 116.9 ± 60.0 | 127.9 ± 85.7 | 126.7 ± 64.2 | 181.5 ± 131.9 | 164.9 ± 93.6 | 165.7 ± 130.8 |
| Blood glucose (mg/dl) | 1175 | 102.1 ± 20.3 | NA | 101.1 ± 14.3 | 100.0 ± 17.0 | NA | 97.9 ± 16.3 | 98.7 ± 25.0 | 104.2 ± 26.4 | NA | NA | 110.3 ± 28.8 |
| HbA1c (%) | 1354 | 5.27 ± 0.74 | NA | 5.27 ± 0.56 | 5.36 ± 0.64 | NA | 5.24 ± 0.79 | NA | 5.17 ± 0.52 | 5.17 ± 0.82 | 5.28 ± 1.04 | 5.31 ± 0.42 |
| Women | ||||||||||||
| Current smokers (%) | 2390 | 7.1 | 7.6 | 5.0 | 6.3 | 12.4 | 5.6 | 15.8 | 0.0 | 9.0 | 5.4 | 4.4 |
| Ex-smokers (%) | 2390 | 4.8 | 6.7 | 4.4 | 5.9 | 8.4 | 1.3 | 7.9 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 5.7 | 1.0 |
| Current drinkers (%)a | 2383 | 27.7 | 36.1 | 27.2 | 22.4 | 31.7 | 24.6 | 34.2 | 22.7 | 25.0 | 28.2 | 23.3 |
| Exercise ≥1/month (%) | 2381 | 76.0 | 82.8 | 81.8 | 83.9 | 70.9 | 55.6 | 44.7 | 81.8 | 88.3 | 83.4 | 73.1 |
| Body mass index ≥25.0 (%) | 2359 | 19.3 | 12.8 | 15.5 | 17.3 | 14.0 | 21.9 | 15.8 | 27.3 | 19.5 | 16.5 | 36.2 |
| History of hypertension (%) | 2289 | 17.9 | 10.4 | 15.8 | 19.3 | 12.9 | 18.5 | 7.9 | 18.2 | 37.9 | 17.6 | 22.0 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 1732 | 126.5 ± 19.9 | NA | 115.7 ± 16.8 | 122.7 ± 15.6 | NA | 124.6 ± 19.5 | 120.4 ± 19.5 | 111.5 ± 11.7 | 137.5 ± 21.9 | 129.5 ± 19.5 | 126.8 ± 19.0 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) |
1732 | 76.4 ± 11.7 | NA | 70.3 ± 10.5 | 76.7 ± 9.5 | NA | 73.6 ± 11.4 | 71.8 ± 11.1 | 68.2 ± 10.3 | 84.0 ± 11.3 | 77.9 ± 12.2 | 76.0 ± 10.4 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 1318 | 217.9 ± 34.6 | NA | 206.4 ± 31.9 | 213.5 ± 34.1 | NA | 222.6 ± 36.5 | NA | 210.0 ± 35.7 | 230.1 ± 31.4 | 220.3 ± 33.5 | 218.0 ± 33.7 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 1347 | 68.0 ± 15.5 | NA | 72.3 ± 16.1 | 75.0 ± 16.9 | NA | 67.0 ± 15.0 | 69.3 ± 13.7 | 65.5 ± 12.0 | 66.1 ± 16.6 | 64.3 ± 14.1 | 63.4 ± 12.6 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 1347 | 103.4 ± 65.7 | NA | 80.0 ± 40.9 | 97.3 ± 60.9 | NA | 96.8 ± 54.9 | 68.6 ± 27.8 | 84.3 ± 41.2 | 128.0 ± 66.0 | 129.2 ± 83.4 | 109.4 ± 74.2 |
| Blood glucose (mg/dl) | 1072 | 95.1 ± 16.9 | NA | 91.9 ± 8.3 | 94.7 ± 13.7 | NA | 91.0 ± 10.2 | 89.6 ± 7.1 | 101.9 ± 31.9 | NA | NA | 101.8 ± 24.3 |
| HbA1c (%) | 1396 | 5.17 ± 0.57 | NA | 5.15 ± 0.35 | 5.32 ± 0.57 | NA | 5.11 ± 0.54 | NA | —b | 5.16 ± 0.65 | 5.10 ± 0.59 | —b |
Abbreviations: ACC, Aichi Cancer Center; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; NA, not available.
Plus-minus values are means ± SDs.
aIndividuals who drank alcoholic beverages ≥1 day/week.
bData available for fewer than 20 participants.