Table 3. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with risk of active disease according to tertiles of energy-adjusted daily nutrient intakea .
| Low | Middle | High | P for trend | |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | <1.5 | 1.5–1.7 | 1.7≤ | |
| No. of cases/person-months | 20/3161 | 14/3263 | 9/3542 | |
| Age- and disease duration-adjusted HR (95% CI)b | 1.00 | 0.72 (0.36–1.46) | 0.43 (0.19–0.98) | 0.04 |
| Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)c | 1.00 | 0.73 (0.35–1.50) | 0.41 (0.18–0.97) | 0.04 |
| Vitamin B12 (µg) | <7.5 | 7.5–10.2 | 10.2≤ | |
| No. of cases/person-months | 13/3403 | 17/3200 | 13/3363 | |
| Age- and disease duration-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.30 (0.63–2.68) | 1.04 (0.48–2.27) | 0.98 |
| Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.21 (0.58–2.52) | 1.06 (0.49–2.33) | 0.92 |
| Folate (µg) | <404.8 | 404.8–523.0 | 523.0≤ | |
| No. of cases/person-months | 18/3186 | 15/3296 | 10/3484 | |
| Age- and disease duration-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.43–1.71) | 0.56 (0.25–1.28) | 0.17 |
| Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.45–1.90) | 0.58 (0.25–1.33) | 0.19 |
| Total dietary fiber (g) | <15.0 | 15.0–20.0 | 20.0≤ | |
| No. of cases/person-months | 20/3148 | 17/3307 | 6/3511 | |
| Age- and disease duration-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.82 (0.42–1.60) | 0.28 (0.11–0.74) | 0.01 |
| Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.44–1.71) | 0.29 (0.11–0.78) | 0.01 |
| Soluble dietary fiber (g) | <3.6 | 3.6–4.7 | 4.7≤ | |
| No. of cases/person-months | 21/3109 | 13/3301 | 9/3556 | |
| Age- and disease duration-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.61 (0.30–1.23) | 0.40 (0.18–0.92) | 0.03 |
| Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.67 (0.33–1.36) | 0.43 (0.18–0.99) | 0.04 |
| Insoluble dietary fiber (g) | <10.9 | 10.9–14.1 | 14.1≤ | |
| No. of cases/person-months | 19/3165 | 17/3224 | 7/3577 | |
| Age- and disease duration-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.48–1.88) | 0.36 (0.15–0.89) | 0.02 |
| Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.49–1.96) | 0.39 (0.15–0.97) | 0.04 |
aCox proportional hazards model was used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs.
bAdjusted for age, duration of disease, and energy intake.
cAdjusted for age, duration of disease, habitual smoking, education level, pregnancy after disease onset, body mass index, prescribed prednisolone dose, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index score, and energy intake.