Table 4. Mean inpatient, outpatient, pharmacy, dental, and total expenditures per year.
| Baseline | After intervention | Difference | |||||||||||
| Intervention group | Control group | Intervention group | Control group | Intervention group | Control group | ||||||||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||||||||
| Inpatient | Yen | 21 241 | (83 353) | 18 304 | (102 796) | 47 832 | (150 736) | 86 366 | (317 051) | 26 592 | (161 275) | 68 062 | (338 107) |
| US$ | 193 | (758) | 166 | (935) | 435 | (1370) | 785 | (2882) | 242 | (1466) | 619 | (3074) | |
| Log-transformed value | 0.67 | (1.70) | 0.32 | (1.28) | 0.76 | (1.91) | 0.79 | (1.96) | 0.09 | (2.30) | 0.47 | (2.45) | |
| Outpatient | Yen | 81 001 | (177 824) | 57 118 | (91 082) | 135 176 | (202 087) | 92 600 | (10 087) | 54 175 | (93 985) | 35 482 | (95 756) |
| US$ | 736 | (1617) | 519 | (828) | 1229 | (1837) | 842 | (92) | 493 | (854) | 323 | (871) | |
| Log-transformed value | 3.99 | (1.71) | 3.97 | (1.58) | 4.43 | (1.57) | 4.27 | (1.56) | 0.45 | (1.70) | 0.29 | (1.61) | |
| Pharmacy | Yen | 5209 | (16 600) | 4446 | (13 941) | 30 209 | (52 823) | 27 560 | (38 243) | 25 000 | (49 352) | 23 114 | 39 471 |
| US$ | 47 | (151) | 40 | (127) | 275 | (480) | 251 | (348) | 227 | (449) | 210 | 359 | |
| Log-transformed value | 1.22 | (1.82) | 1.01 | (1.73) | 3.43 | (1.71) | 3.41 | (1.73) | 2.22a | (1.93) | 2.40a | (2.37) | |
| Dental | Yen | 24 010 | (34 070) | 27 204 | (42 444) | 41 730 | (53 508) | 34 687 | (42 765) | 17 721 | (61 278) | 7482 | (56 548) |
| US$ | 218 | (310) | 247 | (386) | 379 | (486) | 315 | (389) | 161 | (557) | 68 | (514) | |
| Log-transformed value | 2.44 | (2.29) | 2.46 | (2.28) | 3.73 | (1.80) | 3.13 | (2.13) | 1.29a | (2.62) | 0.67 | (2.51) | |
| Total | Yen | 131 460 | (249 451) | 107 073 | (194 980) | 254 948 | (323 927) | 241 212 | (394 552) | 123 488 | (217 233) | 134 140 | (413 581) |
| US$ | 1195 | (2268) | 973 | (1773) | 2318 | (2945) | 2193 | (3587) | 1123 | (1975) | 1219 | (3760) | |
| Log-transformed value | 4.48 | (1.42) | 4.54 | (1.10) | 4.90 | (1.33) | 4.70 | (1.51) | 0.42 | (1.54) | 0.16 | (1.43) | |
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.
aP < 0.001.