Table 1.
Characteristics, smoking behaviors and distribution of genotypes by smoking status
| Characteristics | Current smokers (n = 138) | Ex-smokers (n = 146) | P value c |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age (years)
a
|
56.4 ± 14.8 |
68.5 ± 8.3 |
<0.05 |
|
Education
b
|
|
|
|
| < 9 years |
49 (35.5) |
51 (34.9) |
0.92 |
| ≥ 9 years |
89 (64.5) |
95 (65.1) |
|
|
Disease history
b
|
|
|
|
| Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases |
81 (58.7) |
91 (62.3) |
0.15 |
| Respiratory diseases |
38 (27.5) |
45 (30.8) |
|
| Diabetes mellitus |
19 (13.8) |
10 (6.8) |
|
|
Smoking behaviors
a
|
|
|
|
| Age of smoking initiation (years) |
23.6 ± 8.0 |
28.3 ± 10.8 |
<0.05 |
| Daily cigarette consumption (per day) |
22.3 ± 11.9 |
19.9 ± 9.9 |
0.06 |
| Smoking years (years) |
32.9 ± 14.3 |
31.7 ± 12.3 |
0.46 |
|
Genotype
b
|
|
|
|
|
rs1799971
d
|
|
|
|
| AA |
64 (46.7) |
72 (49.3) |
0.54 |
| AG |
62 (45.3) |
58 (39.7) |
|
| GG |
11 (8.0) |
16 (11.0) |
|
|
rs1045280 |
|
|
|
| CC |
2 (1.4) |
2 (1.4) |
0.99 |
| CT |
39 (28.3) |
41 (28.1) |
|
| TT |
97 (70.3) |
103 (70.5) |
|
|
rs2036657 |
|
|
|
| AA |
98 (71.0) |
103 (70.5) |
0.93 |
| AG |
38 (27.5) |
40 (27.4) |
|
| GG |
2 (1.4) |
3 (2.1) |
|
|
rs3786047
d
|
|
|
|
| AA |
1 (0.7) |
2 (1.4) |
0.87 |
| AG |
38 (27.5) |
41 (28.1) |
|
| GG |
98 (71.0) |
103 (70.5) |
|
|
rs3852209 |
|
|
|
| CC |
79 (57.2) |
99 (67.8) |
0.11 |
| CT |
53 (38.4) |
39 (26.7) |
|
| TT |
6 (4.3) |
8 (5.5) |
|
|
rs2278060 |
|
|
|
| AA |
77 (55.8) |
94 (64.4) |
0.28 |
| AC |
54 (39.1) |
44 (30.1) |
|
| CC | 7 (5.1) | 8 (5.5) |
aValues are means ± SD.
bValues are n (%). cP value from chi-square and t tests.
dGenetic material for genotyping was available for 283 of the subjects.