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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Lancet Respir Med. 2013 Jun 28;1(6):453–461. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70101-2

Figure 3. Asthma cases at higher genetic risk were more likely to manifest atopy, airway hyperresponsiveness, and incompletely reversible airflow obstruction.

Figure 3

Figure 3

Panel A illustrates overlap among different biological chracteristics of asthma. Across 3 decades of follow-up (between ages 9 and 38 years), n=236 asthma cases manifested atopy during follow-up; n=160 manifested airway hyperresponsiveness; and n=76 manifested incompletely reversible airflow obstruction. Panel B graphs mean genetic risk within subgroups of asthma cases defined by atopic status, airway hyperresponsiveness, and incompletely reversible airflow obstruction. Asthma cases with no atopy who manifested airway hyperresponsiveness or incompletely reversible airflow obstruction are grouped together due to the small number of cases in each cell. Error bars reflect standard errors for subgroup means. The genetic risk score is the count of risk alleles standardized to have mean=0 and standard deviation=1.