Table 2.

Effect sizes for the genetic risk score and family history score.

Effect sizes that are not statistically significant at α =0.05 are presented in gray text. Effect sizes are presented for a 1 standard deviation increase in genetic risk and a 1 standard deviation increase in family history. HR denotes a hazard ratio estimated from a Cox regression model; IRR denotes an incident rate ratio estimated from a negative binomial regression model; RR denotes a relative risk estimated from a Poisson regression model. r denotes a standardized coefficient (interpreted as Pearson’s r) from a linear regression model. Analyses of biological characteristics of asthma used generalized estimating equations to account for the non-independence of repeated observations of individuals. All models were adjusted for sex.

		Genetic Risk Score		Family History Score
		Effect Size [95% CI]
Developmental Phenotypes of Asthma (Analysis in N=880 Cohort Members)
Time to Asthma Onset	HR	1.12	[1.01, 1.26]	1.21	[1.10, 1.34]
Asthma Persistence	IRR	1.16	[1.03, 1.30]	1.25	[1.13, 1.37]
Life Course Persistent Asthma	RR	1.36	[1.14, 1.63]	1.33	[1.19, 1.48]
Among asthma cases with onset by age 13 (n=187)	RR	1.20	[1.05, 1.38]	1.09	[1.00, 1.18]
Biological Characteristics of Asthma (Analysis in N=305 Asthma Cases)
Atopy
Positive Skin Test (ages 13, 21, 32)	RR	1.07	[1.01, 1.14]	1.03	[0.98, 1.08]
Serum IgE (ages 11, 21, 32)	r	0.14	[0.02, 0.25]	0.10	[0.00, 0.20]
Airway Hyperresponsiveness
Case Status (ages 9, 11, 13, 15, 18, 21, 26, 32, 38)	RR	1.16	[1.03, 1.32]	1.13	[1.05, 1.21]
Incompletely Reversible Airflow Obstruction
Case Status (ages 18, 26, 32, 38)	RR	1.28	[1.04, 1.57]	1.06	[0.90, 1.23]
Post-albuterol FEV1/FVC 18, 26, 32, 38)	r	−0.13	[−0.25, −0.02]	−0.07	[−0.16, 0.02]
Disruptions to Daily Life (Analysis in N=305 Asthma Cases)
Days Off School/Work Due to Asthma	IRR	1.38	[1.02, 1.86]	1.23	[1.00, 1.51]
Hospitalized for Asthma	HR	1.38	[1.07, 1.79]	1.21	[1.05, 1.38]