Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 23.
Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2013 Jul 4;154(10):2185–2197. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.07.002

Figure 3.

Figure 3

TNF-α induces JNK-dependent CXCL1 upregulation in cultured astrocytes. A. Triple staining of CXCL1 (a, d), GFAP (b, e), and DAPI (c, f) in control (a) and TNF-α-stimulated (d) astrocytes. c, f shows that all DAPI+ cells also express GFAP. Scale bar, 50 μm. B. TNF-α induces time-dependent upregulation of CXCL1 in astrocytes. C. JNK inhibitor SP600125 at the doses of 10 μM, 20 μM, and 50 μM reduces TNF-α-induced CXCL1 upregulation. D. MEK inhibitor PD98059 at the dose of 50 μM reduces TNF-α-induced CXCL1 upregulation, whereas p38 inhibitor SB203580 at all three doses has no effect on TNF-α-induced CXCL1 upregulation, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, vs. TNF-α treatment, Student’s t-test.