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Diagram of the hypothetical interaction between claws and substrates covered with the biofilm. (a) The organisms of the biofilm and their EPSs increase the surface roughness of smooth substrates. (b) On rough substrates, surface roughness is not further increased. If the organisms of the biofilm preferably attach to the substrate valleys, the surface roughness might even be reduced. On smooth and rough substrates, claws might penetrate the EPSs.
