Table 1. Clinical signs, gross findings, cardiac histopathology and results of ALV isolation in chickens.

					Degree of cardiac lesions				Viral isolation f
No.	Breed	Sex (M/F) a	Age (year)	Gross findings	Hypertrophied myocardium with atypical nucleus b	Non-suppurative myocarditis c	Fibrosis d	Matrix inclusion body e	Cloaca swab	Brain	Isolated strain
1	Japanese Bantam	M	2	Anemia	−	+	+	109	+	ND	Km_5880
2	Japanese Bantam	M	1	Atrophic comb	+++	+++	+	39	+	ND	Km_5960
3	Japanese Bantam	M	2	None	−	++	+	7	+	ND	Km_5622
4	Japanese Bantam	M	3	None	−	++	++	99	+	ND	Km_5967
5	Japanese Bantam	M	1	None	−	+++	+	5	+	ND	Km_6042
6	Japanese Bantam	F	1	Emaciation	−	+	+	6	+	ND	Km_5623
7	Japanese Bantam	F	3	Emaciation	−	+	+	1	+	ND	Km_5625
8	Japanese Bantam	F	4	Yolk peritonitis	+	++	++	57	+	ND	Km_5968
9	Japanese Bantam	F	1	Renal cyst	+	++	++	1	+	ND	Km_6045
10	Japanese Bantam	F	1	None	−	+	+	129	+	ND	Km_5621
11	Japanese Bantam	F	3	None	−	++	+	3	+	ND	Km_5624
12	Japanese Bantam	F	1	None	+	++	++	2	+	ND	Km_5843
13	Japanese Bantam	F	2	None	+	++	+	43	+	ND	Km_5852
14	Japanese Bantam	F	3	None	+++	+++	+++	27	+	ND	Km_5892
15	Japanese Bantam	F	1	None	−	+	+	49	ND	+	Km_5897
16	Japanese Bantam	F	3	None	−	+++	+	1	+	ND	Km_6209
17	Sebright Bantam	F	3	None	++	++	++	19	ND	+	Km_5900
18	Kumamoto Long Tail	F	4	None	−	+++	++	12	+	ND	Km_6039

^aM: male, F: female

^bThe degree of hypertrophied cardiomyocytes with atypical nuclei was defined as follows: +, individual cells; ++, multiple and/or small clusters; +++, multiple and extensive growth.

^cThe degree of non-suppurative myocarditis was defined as follows: +, focal or multifocal (under 25 µm in diameter); ++, multifocal (from 25 µm to 200 µm); +++, multifocal (over 200 µm).

^dThe degree of fibrosis was defined as follows: +, interstitial; ++, multifocal interstitial (under 400 µm in diameter); +++, multifocal interstitial (over 400 µm in diameter).

^eTotal number in 10 high-power fields.

^f+: positive,−: negative,ND: no data.