Figure 2.
Proost and colleagues developed an assay that uses antipyrine modification of citrulline and detection by ELISA. A) Peptidyl-citrulline is chemically modified by 2,3-butanedione and antipyrine under acidic conditions. B) Modified citrulline is detected with an antibody raised against this moiety, and subsequent ELISAs can be performed to detect protein citrullination.