Figure 2.

Comparison of unadjusted effect sizes over 9 mo (including both 2- and 9-mo assessments)²⁶ and at 18 mo for primary outcome measures in the total sample (n = 367), for participants with high levels of baseline pain severity (Graded Chronic Pain Score 5+; n = 136), and participants with high levels of baseline pain and insomnia severity (Insomnia Severity Index 15+; n = 98). Decreasing severity scores = improvement. CBT, cognitive behavioral therapy; EOC, education-only control; P, pain alone; PI, insomnia and pain.