Table 5. Prevalences of anti-HCV antibody and HCV core antigen (or RNA) among hemodialysis patients from various countries.
| Country | Author or name of study |
Sample size | HCV Ab-positive (%) |
Positive for HCV Ag or RNA (%) |
Years tested |
| Japan | Washio15 | 540 | 24.3 | — | 1990 |
| Nakayama24 | 1470 | 18.8 | — | 1993 | |
| DOPPS8 | not obtained | 19.9 | — | 1997–2001 | |
| Kumagai6 | 1882 | — | 12.9a | 1999–2003 | |
| KAREN | 1214 | 11.0 | 6.5b | 2003–2004 | |
| United States | DOPPS8 | not obtained | 14.4 | — | 1997–2001 |
| Da Vita14 | 13 664 | 11.6 | — | 2001–2004 | |
| Belgium | Jadoul13 | 629 | 6.8 | — | 2000 |
| France | DOPPS8 | not obtained | 14.7 | — | 1997–2001 |
| Germany | Hinrichsen9 | 2796 | 7.0 | — | 1996–1997 |
| United Kingdom | DOPPS8 | not obtained | 2.7 | — | 1997–2001 |
| Italy | DOPPS8 | not obtained | 22.2 | — | 1997–2001 |
| Iran | Shamshirsaz10 | 593 | — | 8.6a | 2004c |
| Tunisia | Hmaied11 | 395 | 20 | 14a | 2001–2003 |
| Thailand | Luengrojanakul12 | 221 | — | 19.9a | 1994 |
Abbreviations are the same as those used in Tables 1, 2, and 3. Italics indicate the present study.
Superscript numbers correspond to the reference used in the present study.
a, determined by HCV-RNA test by the PCR method; b, determined by HCV core antigen test.
c, Not clearly described when blood sampling was performed (published in 2004).