Table 3. Item-total correlations and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of the scales of the 19-item ERI questionnaire.

Items	Item-total correlations	Alpha if item is deleted	Alpha of scale
Effort			0.75
lot of school work	0.52	0.70
have to learn too much	0.63	0.66
schoolwork tiring	0.58	0.68
pressure of competition for exams	0.45	0.73
parents’ high expectations	0.39	0.75
Reward			0.78
slow in finishing schoolwork	0.34	0.78
do very well at classwork	0.37	0.78
trouble figuring out the answers	0.42	0.77
not recognized by teachers	0.54	0.76
less positive feedback from teachers	0.54	0.76
satisfied with teachers’ appraisal	0.43	0.77
help from teachers	0.48	0.76
unfair treatment from teachers	0.53	0.76
schoolmates kind and helpful	0.35	0.78
unfair treatment from schoolmates	0.41	0.77
not resulting in a good future	0.41	0.77
Overcommitment			0.62
think about studying	0.43	0.53
studying still on mind	0.56	0.34
trouble sleeping at night	0.33	0.67