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. 2010 Nov 5;20(6):446–452. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20100062

Table 1. Characteristics of the total sample, nonrespondents to the initial survey, questionnaire-only subsample, nonrespondent subsample, and accelerometer subsample.

  Total sample Nonrespondents
to initial survey (N0)		 Questionnaire-only
subsample (Q)		 Nonrespondent
subsample (N = N0 + Q)		 Accelerometer
subsample (A)		 P valuea
(N vs A)		 P valuea
(Q vs A)
  n = 4000 n = 2492 n = 722 n = 3214 n = 786
  n % n % n % n % n %
Sex                        
 Men 2000 50.0 1321 53.0 314 43.5 1635 50.9 365 46.4 0.026 0.250
 Women 2000 50.0 1171 47.0 408 56.5 1579 49.1 421 53.6
Age, years                        
 60– 800 20.0 383 15.4 208 28.8 591 18.4 209 26.6 <0.001 0.005
 50–59 800 20.0 465 18.7 163 22.6 628 19.5 172 21.9
 40–49 800 20.0 489 19.6 125 17.3 614 19.1 186 23.7
 30–39 800 20.0 581 23.3 99 13.7 680 21.2 120 15.3
 –29 800 20.0 574 23.0 127 17.6 701 21.8 99 12.6
City of residence                    
 Tsukuba 1000 25.0 618 24.8 183 25.3 801 24.9 199 25.3 0.003 0.064
 Koganei 1000 25.0 600 24.1 170 23.5 770 24.0 230 29.3
 Shizuoka 1000 25.0 610 24.5 196 27.1 806 25.1 194 24.7
 Kagoshima 1000 25.0 664 26.6 173 24.0 837 26.0 163 20.7
Education, years                    
 >12 N/A N/A 400 56.3 N/A 478 61.0 N/A 0.060
 ≤12 N/A N/A 311 43.7 N/A 305 39.0 N/A
Employment status                    
 ≥40 h/week N/A N/A 335 48.8 N/A 385 50.1 N/A 0.622
 <40 h/week N/A N/A 351 51.2 N/A 383 49.9 N/A
Marital status                        
 Married N/A N/A 538 75.1 N/A 607 77.5 N/A 0.278
 Not married N/A N/A 178 24.9 N/A 176 22.5 N/A
BMI, kg/m2                        
 <25 N/A N/A 582 81.6 N/A 629 80.2 N/A 0.492
 ≥25 N/A N/A 131 18.4 N/A 155 19.8 N/A
Self-rated health                    
 Good N/A N/A 378 52.8 N/A 419 53.4 N/A 0.801
 Poor N/A N/A 338 47.2 N/A 365 46.6 N/A
Smoking                        
 No N/A N/A 487 73.7 N/A 585 79.2 N/A 0.016
 Yes N/A N/A 174 26.3 N/A 154 20.8 N/A
Alcohol intake                        
 No/Not regularly N/A N/A 423 59.1 N/A 412 52.8 N/A 0.015
 Regularly N/A N/A 293 40.9 N/A 368 47.2 N/A
Walking for leisureb                    
 Yes N/A N/A 211 29.8 N/A 312 40.0 N/A <0.001
 No N/A N/A 498 70.2 N/A 468 60.0 N/A
Total walking timeb, min/week                    
 ≥150 N/A N/A 422 61.3 N/A 515 68.0 N/A 0.008
 <150 N/A N/A 266 38.7 N/A 242 32.0 N/A
Step countc, steps/day                    
 Mean ± SD N/A N/A N/A N/A 8474 ± 3368 N/A N/A
Total energy expenditurec, kcal/day                    
 Mean ± SD N/A N/A N/A N/A 1895 ± 309 N/A N/A

Abbreviations: N/A, not applicable; SD, standard deviation.

Total numbers of participants are not always equal because of missing values.

aThe chi-square test was used to compare sociodemographic and lifestyle variables between groups (N vs A, Q vs A).

bAssessed by questionnaire.

cAssessed by accelerometer.