. 2010 Nov 5;20(6):460–467. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20090154

Table 3. Odds ratios^a (ORs, model 1 and model 2), regression coefficients^a (model 3), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors for ADL disability in older adults with arthritis, at baseline (1989) and follow-up (1993, 1996, and 1999).

Parameters	Longitudinal model 1 (Baseline model)				Longitudinal model 2 (Time-lag model)				Longitudinal model 3 (Changes model)

	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis		Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis		Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis

	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	β	95% CI	β	95% CI
Age, yrs	1.10	1.07 to 1.12	1.09	1.07 to 1.13	1.13	1.10 to 1.15	1.09	1.05 to 1.12	0.09	0.07 to 0.11	0.08	0.07 to 0.12
Sex (male vs female)	0.72	0.52 to 0.98	NS	NS	0.72	0.52 to 0.98	NS	NS	−0.14	−0.38 to 0.13	NS	NS
Self-perceived inconvenience caused by arthritis (yes vs no)	2.46	1.58 to 3.82	NS	NS	2.65	1.63 to 4.31	NS	NS	0.75	0.38 to 1.13	0.59	0.28 to 0.97
No. of chronic health conditions	1.21	1.10 to 1.32	1.13	1.02 to 1.25	1.26	1.18 to 1.35	1.15	1.04 to 1.26	0.11	0.08 to 0.15	0.08	0.04 to 0.28
Self-rated health^b	1.29	1.13 to 1.45	1.21	1.05 to 1.39	2.10	1.82 to 2.43	1.57	1.27 to 1.94	0.22	0.15 to 0.27	0.15	0.09 to 0.31
Routine exercise (yes vs no)	0.85	0.57 to 1.27	NS	NS	0.23	0.17 to 0.32	0.40	0.26 to 0.62	−1.33	−1.07 to −1.47	−1.24	−1.05 to −1.41
CES-D score^c	1.05	1.02 to 1.08	NS	NS	1.06	1.05 to 1.07	1.07	1.04 to 1.10	0.06	0.04 to 0.08	0.06	0.05 to 0.07
Being widowed (yes vs no)	1.88	1.38 to 2.63	NS	NS	2.43	1.81 to 3.22	1.42	1.13 to 2.01	0.45	0.21 to 0.68	0.36	0.29 to 0.83

^aThe working correlation matrix is autoregressive.

^bHigher scores indicate poorer self-rated health status; ^cHigher scores indicate a greater number of depressive symptoms.

Other study covariates that were not significant in multivariate analysis were included, namely, education level, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, and betel chewing.

NS: not significant.

Abbreviations: ADL, activities of daily living; CES-D, Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression Scale.

Table 3. Odds ratiosa (ORs, model 1 and model 2), regression coefficientsa (model 3), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors for ADL disability in older adults with arthritis, at baseline (1989) and follow-up (1993, 1996, and 1999).

Table 3. Odds ratios^a (ORs, model 1 and model 2), regression coefficients^a (model 3), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors for ADL disability in older adults with arthritis, at baseline (1989) and follow-up (1993, 1996, and 1999).