Table 1. Smoking statusa and sociodemographic characteristics of pregnant women and their husbands in the Greek RHEA birth cohort study, 2007–2008.
| Nonsmoker | Ex-smoker | Active smoker | P valued | ||
| Ageb | Maternal age (mean ± SD) | 29.7 ± 5.1 | 28.9 ± 4.9 | 29.1 ± 5.3 | 0.063 |
| Paternal age (mean ± SD) | 33.5 ± 5.8 | 32.5 ± 5.7 | 32.2 ± 5.5 | 0.001 | |
| Residencec | Urban % (n) | 64 (606) | 18 (168) | 19 (180) | 0.210 |
| Rural % (n) | 68 (193) | 14 (38) | 18 (51) | ||
| Ethnicityc | Greek % (n) | 63 (734) | 18 (207) | 19 (222) | 0.004 |
| Non-Greek % (n) | 77 (98) | 8 (10) | 16 (20) | ||
| Paternal ethnicityc | Greek % (n) | 63 (753) | 18 (211) | 20 (238) | <0.001 |
| Non-Greek % (n) | 80 (90) | 4 (5) | 16 (18) | ||
| Educationc | Low % (n) | 62 (167) | 13 (35) | 25 (66) | 0.001 |
| Medium % (n) | 61 (394) | 20 (127) | 19 (122) | ||
| High % (n) | 72 (264) | 15 (55) | 13 (47) | ||
| Paternal educationc | Low % (n) | 62 (286) | 15 (67) | 24 (110) | <0.001 |
| Medium % (n) | 65 (345) | 19 (101) | 17 (88) | ||
| High % (n) | 70 (184) | 18 (47) | 12 (32) | ||
| Parityc | Multipara % (n) | 64 (509) | 15 (121) | 21 (164) | 0.024 |
| Primipara % (n) | 65 (319) | 19 (95) | 16 (76) | ||
| Total | Smoking status % (n) | 64 (832) | 19 (242) | 17 (217) | n/a |
aCurrent smoking defined as a pregnant woman self-reported as a smoker at the 12th week of gestation.
b2-sided t-test.
c2-sided chi-square test.
dP values based on 2-sided tests, with values <0.05 regarded as statistically significant.