Table 5. Daily intakes of nutrients, food groups, and isoflavone (means ± SD) by equol phenotype according to 2-day dietary records.
| Dietary measure | Equol producersa (n = 119) |
Equol nonproducersa (n = 78) |
P | |
| Unadjustedb | Adjustedc | |||
| Nutrients | ||||
| Energy (kcal) | 2081 ± 524 | 2161 ± 468 | 0.16 | 0.62 |
| Fat (g) | 64 ± 25 | 62 ± 23 | 0.47 | 0.65 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 309 ± 81 | 336 ± 78 | 0.03 | 0.96 |
| Protein (g) | 80 ± 26 | 78 ± 20 | 0.80 | 0.19 |
| Animal protein (g) | 32 ± 18 | 29 ± 14 | 0.10 | 0.26 |
| Vegetable protein (g) | 48 ± 16 | 50 ± 13 | 0.20 | 0.34 |
| Total soy protein (g) | 6 ± 7 | 5 ± 5 | 0.90 | 0.58 |
| Total dietary fiber (g) | 13 ± 8 | 13 ± 7 | 0.99 | 0.74 |
| Calories from fat (%) | 27 ± 7 | 25 ± 6 | 0.02 | 0.59 |
| Calories from carbohydrate (%) | 58 ± 7 | 61 ± 7 | 0.01 | 0.29 |
| Calories from protein (%) | 15 ± 2 | 14 ± 7 | 0.01 | 0.14 |
| Food groups (g/d) | ||||
| Soybeans | 1.3 ± 3.9 | 1.3 ± 3.6 | 0.88 | 0.64 |
| Soy milk | 43.2 ± 84.2 | 31.9 ± 63.2 | 0.61 | 0.23 |
| Tofu | 22.0 ± 31.6 | 23.5 ± 29.9 | 0.60 | 0.79 |
| Other soy foods | 12.7 ± 23.8 | 10.9 ± 18.1 | 0.94 | 0.40 |
| Total soy foods | 79.2 ± 92.5 | 67.7 ± 71.1 | 0.75 | 0.24 |
| Vegetables | 219 ± 134 | 244 ± 131 | 0.10 | 0.56 |
| Tubers | 48 ± 57 | 49 ± 54 | 0.59 | 0.70 |
| Fruit | 187 ± 157 | 171 ± 151 | 0.44 | 0.64 |
| Cereals and cereal products | 262 ± 105 | 313 ± 101 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meat and meat products | 75 ± 56 | 63 ± 46 | 0.22 | 0.11 |
| Poultry and poultry products | 32 ± 49 | 19 ± 30 | 0.03 | 0.12 |
| Milk and milk products | 119 ± 127 | 112 ± 135 | 0.56 | 0.88 |
| Eggs and egg products | 42 ± 39 | 41 ± 35 | 0.97 | 0.43 |
| Fish, shellfish, and mollusks | 26 ± 33 | 32 ± 42 | 0.49 | 0.09 |
| Isoflavone intake (mg/day) | ||||
| Daidzein | 7.8 ± 8.7 | 7.0 ± 6.8 | 0.65 | 0.57 |
| Genistein | 10.4 ± 12.1 | 9.4 ± 9.3 | 0.65 | 0.63 |
| Glycitein | 1.0 ± 1.7 | 0.9 ± 1.2 | 0.96 | 0.86 |
| Total isoflavone | 19.1 ± 22.3 | 17.3 ± 17.1 | 0.68 | 0.62 |
aDetermined by soy-isoflavone challenge.
bDetermined by Mann-Whitney U test.
cAdjusted variables that were included in the cereal and cereal-product model were BMI, energy intake, poultry, and poultry products. Adjusted variables that were included in the poultry and poultry-product model were BMI, energy intake, cereals, and cereal products. Adjusted variables included in other models were BMI, energy intake, cereals and cereal products, and poultry and poultry products.