Table 1. Baseline characteristics by BMIa category in 13 764 men aged 40–64 years.
| BMI (kg/m2) | P valueb | |||||||
| <18.5 | 18.5–20.9 | 21.0–22.9 | 23.0–24.9 | 25.0–27.4 | 27.5–29.9 | ≥30.0 | ||
| No. of subjects | 310 | 2159 | 3591 | 3852 | 2637 | 903 | 312 | |
| Mean age (years) (SDa) | 54.2 (7.7) | 53.0 (8.0) | 53.1 (7.8) | 53.2 (7.6) | 52.8 (7.6) | 52.1 (7.4) | 52.0 (7.6) | <0.0001 |
| Mean weight (kg) (SD) | 48.9 (4.8) | 54.6 (4.6) | 59.4 (4.7) | 64.6 (5.2) | 70.3 (5.8) | 77.4 (6.3) | 86.9 (14.8) | <0.0001 |
| Mean height (cm) (SD) | 166.3 (7.6) | 164.9 (6.6) | 164.0 (6.3) | 164.1 (6.2) | 164.1 (6.5) | 164.8 (6.5) | 163.6 (19.1) | <0.0001 |
| Mean BMI (kg/m2) (SD) | 17.6 (0.9) | 20.1 (0.7) | 22.1 (0.5) | 24.0 (0.6) | 26.1 (0.7) | 28.5 (0.7) | 32.4 (4.7) | <0.0001 |
| Weight change since age 20 years (%) | ||||||||
| ≤−10.0 kg | 24.4 | 8.5 | 4.0 | 2.8 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 0.7 | <0.0001 |
| −9.9 to −5.0 kg | 26.8 | 21.9 | 14.2 | 8.0 | 4.5 | 3.3 | 3.0 | |
| −4.9 to +4.9 kg | 43.5 | 61.2 | 57.2 | 36.1 | 15.5 | 6.6 | 4.3 | |
| +5.0 to +9.9 kg | 4.4 | 7.1 | 19.9 | 32.9 | 28.1 | 12.3 | 7.2 | |
| ≥+10.0 kg | 1.0 | 1.3 | 4.6 | 20.2 | 50.4 | 75.2 | 84.9 | |
| Education (%) | ||||||||
| Junior high school or less | 57.2 | 56.6 | 55.8 | 55.1 | 52.3 | 54.2 | 55.8 | NSa |
| High school | 35.7 | 35.9 | 36.8 | 37.2 | 39.0 | 37.3 | 35.6 | |
| College/university or higher | 7.1 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.7 | 8.7 | 8.6 | 8.6 | |
| Marital status (%) | ||||||||
| Married | 84.3 | 87.0 | 88.8 | 89.7 | 88.6 | 90.4 | 82.4 | 0.0072 |
| Unmarried | 15.7 | 13.0 | 11.2 | 10.3 | 11.4 | 9.6 | 17.6 | |
| Smoking status (%) | ||||||||
| Never smoker | 13.1 | 13.1 | 18.2 | 21.5 | 24.9 | 24.9 | 23.6 | <0.0001 |
| Past smoker | 16.8 | 14.1 | 17.2 | 19.4 | 22.9 | 21.2 | 19.5 | |
| Current smoker, 1–19 cigarettes/day | 23.4 | 26.6 | 20.9 | 19.0 | 14.7 | 13.3 | 13.8 | |
| Current smoker, ≥20 cigarettes/day | 46.7 | 46.3 | 43.7 | 40.2 | 37.5 | 40.7 | 43.1 | |
| Alcohol drinking (%) | ||||||||
| Never drinker | 20.7 | 14.7 | 14.3 | 14.5 | 14.7 | 15.2 | 19.7 | <0.0001 |
| Past drinker | 14.4 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 5.9 | 7.0 | 5.8 | 8.9 | |
| Current drinker | 64.9 | 78.0 | 78.4 | 79.7 | 78.3 | 79.1 | 71.5 | |
| Time spent walking (%) | ||||||||
| ≥1 hour/day | 44.3 | 55.9 | 53.8 | 53.0 | 49.1 | 46.1 | 45.3 | <0.0001 |
| <1 hour/day | 55.8 | 44.1 | 46.2 | 47.0 | 50.9 | 53.9 | 54.7 | |
| Sports and physical exercise (%) | ||||||||
| ≥5 hours/week | 2.4 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 5.9 | 0.0367 |
| 3–4 hours/week | 3.8 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 3.0 | |
| 1–2 hours/week | 11.9 | 12.1 | 14.2 | 14.1 | 14.3 | 15.8 | 12.9 | |
| <1 hour/week | 81.9 | 78.1 | 75.7 | 75.0 | 76.2 | 75.0 | 78.2 | |
| History of hypertension (%) | ||||||||
| Yes | 10.0 | 12.6 | 14.6 | 17.2 | 21.2 | 26.8 | 25.3 | <0.0001 |
| No | 90.0 | 87.4 | 85.4 | 82.8 | 78.8 | 73.2 | 74.7 | |
| History of diabetes (%) | ||||||||
| Yes | 6.1 | 4.5 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 6.6 | 7.3 | 9.6 | 0.0015 |
| No | 93.9 | 95.6 | 94.2 | 94.1 | 93.4 | 92.7 | 90.4 | |
| History of kidney disease (%) | ||||||||
| Yes | 4.5 | 4.3 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 4.7 | 2.6 | NS |
| No | 95.5 | 95.7 | 96.7 | 97.0 | 96.6 | 95.4 | 97.4 | |
| History of liver disease (%) | ||||||||
| Yes | 6.1 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 7.0 | 7.4 | 7.6 | 8.0 | NS |
| No | 93.9 | 93.7 | 93.8 | 93.0 | 92.6 | 92.4 | 92.0 | |
aBMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation; NS, not significant.
bP values were calculated by using the chi-square test (for categorical variables) or ANOVA (for continuous variables).