Table 2. Baseline characteristics by BMIa category in 7274 men aged 65–79 years.
| BMI (kg/m2) | P valueb | |||||||
| <18.5 | 18.5–20.9 | 21.0–22.9 | 23.0–24.9 | 25.0–27.4 | 27.5–29.9 | ≥30.0 | ||
| No. of subjects | 422 | 1518 | 2026 | 1805 | 1089 | 310 | 104 | |
| Mean age (years) (SDa) | 71.5 (4.2) | 70.4 (4.2) | 70.2 (4.0) | 69.9 (4.0) | 69.6 (3.9) | 69.5 (3.8) | 69.9 (4.3) | <0.0001 |
| Mean weight (kg) (SD) | 47.1 (4.9) | 52.0 (4.4) | 56.5 (4.7) | 61.6 (5.0) | 66.7 (5.4) | 72.4 (6.5) | 81.0 (21.6) | <0.0001 |
| Mean height (cm) (SD) | 164.5 (8.0) | 161.1 (6.4) | 160.1 (6.5) | 160.4 (6.3) | 159.9 (6.2) | 159.6 (7.2) | 153.8 (13.7) | <0.0001 |
| Mean BMI (kg/m2) (SD) | 17.4 (1.0) | 20.0 (0.7) | 22.0 (0.6) | 23.9 (0.6) | 26.0 (0.7) | 28.4 (0.6) | 34.3 (8.1) | <0.0001 |
| Weight change since age 20 years (%) | ||||||||
| ≤−10.0 kg | 55.0 | 29.9 | 13.5 | 6.9 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 4.0 | <0.0001 |
| −9.9 to −5.0 kg | 28.9 | 37.1 | 30.5 | 16.6 | 8.4 | 5.9 | 5.0 | |
| −4.9 to +4.9 kg | 15.4 | 29.9 | 43.6 | 43.0 | 26.1 | 13.8 | 12.0 | |
| +5.0 to +9.9 kg | 0.8 | 2.3 | 9.7 | 22.1 | 29.1 | 19.3 | 8.0 | |
| ≥+10.0 kg | 0.0 | 0.8 | 2.7 | 11.4 | 33.4 | 57.9 | 71.0 | |
| Education (%) | ||||||||
| Junior high school or less | 69.4 | 73.9 | 75.4 | 72.1 | 73.2 | 72.9 | 69.6 | 0.0107 |
| High school | 20.9 | 19.4 | 18.5 | 19.2 | 20.9 | 22.4 | 24.5 | |
| College/university or higher | 9.8 | 6.7 | 6.1 | 8.8 | 6.0 | 4.7 | 5.9 | |
| Marital status (%) | ||||||||
| Married | 89.8 | 90.3 | 90.0 | 89.2 | 91.7 | 91.4 | 89.6 | NSa |
| Unmarried | 10.2 | 9.7 | 10.0 | 10.9 | 8.3 | 8.6 | 10.4 | |
| Smoking status (%) | ||||||||
| Never smoker | 12.7 | 14.0 | 14.6 | 18.5 | 18.6 | 23.4 | 29.4 | <0.0001 |
| Past smoker | 32.7 | 31.7 | 34.9 | 38.9 | 43.1 | 42.3 | 35.9 | |
| Current smoker, 1–19 cigarettes/day | 34.8 | 30.7 | 29.2 | 24.5 | 21.0 | 15.7 | 18.5 | |
| Current smoker, ≥20 cigarettes/day | 19.8 | 23.6 | 21.4 | 18.1 | 17.3 | 18.5 | 16.3 | |
| Alcohol drinking (%) | ||||||||
| Never drinker | 21.3 | 19.3 | 19.9 | 19.2 | 18.4 | 20.1 | 20.8 | <0.0001 |
| Past drinker | 24.0 | 18.1 | 15.0 | 14.0 | 14.9 | 12.3 | 18.8 | |
| Current drinker | 54.8 | 62.6 | 65.1 | 66.7 | 66.7 | 67.6 | 60.4 | |
| Time spent walking (%) | ||||||||
| ≥1 hour/day | 36.9 | 47.1 | 46.0 | 43.0 | 37.6 | 41.7 | 34.8 | <0.0001 |
| <1 hour/day | 63.1 | 52.9 | 54.0 | 57.0 | 62.4 | 58.3 | 65.2 | |
| Sports and physical exercise (%) | ||||||||
| ≥5 hours/week | 16.2 | 15.4 | 17.0 | 17.4 | 15.3 | 15.4 | 10.7 | NS |
| 3–4 hours/week | 9.2 | 9.8 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 11.4 | 8.8 | 7.1 | |
| 1–2 hours/week | 14.8 | 17.0 | 18.9 | 17.6 | 20.4 | 24.2 | 26.2 | |
| <1 hour/week | 59.9 | 57.9 | 53.7 | 54.5 | 52.9 | 51.7 | 56.0 | |
| History of hypertension (%) | ||||||||
| Yes | 21.6 | 27.8 | 32.8 | 38.2 | 43.3 | 48.4 | 52.9 | <0.0001 |
| No | 78.4 | 72.2 | 67.2 | 61.8 | 56.7 | 51.6 | 47.1 | |
| History of diabetes (%) | ||||||||
| Yes | 6.2 | 6.7 | 9.2 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 12.9 | 11.5 | 0.0010 |
| No | 93.8 | 93.3 | 90.8 | 90.3 | 90.3 | 87.1 | 88.5 | |
| History of kidney disease (%) | ||||||||
| Yes | 5.0 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 3.9 | NS |
| No | 95.0 | 96.1 | 96.6 | 95.5 | 96.5 | 97.1 | 96.2 | |
| History of liver disease (%) | ||||||||
| Yes | 8.3 | 7.7 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 6.5 | 7.4 | 11.5 | 0.0284 |
| No | 91.7 | 92.3 | 94.2 | 94.4 | 93.5 | 92.6 | 88.5 | |
aBMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation; NS, not significant.
bP values were calculated by using the chi-square test (for categorical variables) or ANOVA (for continuous variables).