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. 2012 Feb 27;2(1):221–241. doi: 10.3390/metabo2010221

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© 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

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Heat stress affects the localization of MSN protein. The MSN protein (Msnp) is produced from its corresponding mRNA (MSN), which in turn is transcriptionally activated by heat stress (HS). Heat stress promotes a nuclear localization of the MSN protein (Msnp_n), while active protein kinase A (PKA) (PKA_C) favors cytosolic localization (Msnp_c). The activity of PKA is dependent on glucose (Glc) metabolism and heat stress.