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Individual monosaccharide units of heparan sulphate. The repeating dissacharide unit is composed of either α-L-iduronic acid (a) or glucuronic acid (GlcA) (b) and a N-acetylglucosamine residue (GlcNAc) (c). Various biosynthetic modifications can occur on the R positions of the monosaccharide units, involving functional groups, H- hydroxyl, COCH3- acetyl groups and SO3−sulphate groups. R1=H or SO3−, R2 =H2COCH3 or SO3−, R3= H or SO3−, R4= H or SO3−.
