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. 2013 Mar 19;3(1):185–203. doi: 10.3390/metabo3010185

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© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

An image of leaves and green berries of Vitis bellula and analysis of PAs in leaves at different development stages. (a). morphologies of leaves and unripen green berries; (b). images of PA profiles visualized by 0.1% DMACA on a TLC plate, Ca+EC: (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin, GC+EGC: (-)-gallocatechin and (−)-epigallocatechin, OPA: oligomeric PAs; (c). comparison of PA levels at different times of leaf development from young (numerated as 1) through fully expanded time (numerated as 5), 1: less than 0.5 cm, 2: 0.5–1.0 cm, 3: 1.0–1.5 cm, 4: 1.5–2.0 cm and 5: longer than 2.0 cm to fully expanded (4–5 cm in length). Crude extracts of PAs were boiled in butanol: HCl 1 hr to produce anthocyanidins, the absorbance values of which were measured at 550 nm.