Table 3.
Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for Asthma and FEV1/FVC (<0.7) According to Kimchi Intake by Korean Adults Aged 19–64 Years
| Asthmaa | FEV1/FVC (<0.7)a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (weighted percentile) | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| Kimchi | |||||
| <1 serving (<40 g) | 4994 (25.3) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| 1 to <2 serving (40–79.9 g) | 3694 (18.4) | 0.708 (0.521–0.962) | 0.726 (0.534–0.987) | 0.909 (0.811–1.020) | 0.905 (0.807–1.015) |
| 2 to <3 serving (80–119.9 g) | 3155 (15.3) | 0.494 (0.340–0.718) | 0.506 (0.348–0.736) | 0.909 (0.809–1.021) | 0.904 (0.804–1.016) |
| ≥3 serving (≥120 g) | 7816 (41.0) | 0.654 (0.487–0.879) | 0.678 (0.502–0.916) | 0.860 (0.779–0.949) | 0.851 (0.770–0.941) |
| P for trend | 0.0063 | 0.0131 | 0.0044 | 0.0025 | |
| Kimchi | |||||
| <1 serving (<40 g) | 4994 (25.3) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| ≥1 serving (≥40 g) | 14,665 (74.7) | 0.634 (0.494–0.815) | 0.654 (0.507–0.844) | 0.883 (0.810–0.964) | 0.877 (0.803–0.957) |
Values are odds ratio (95% confidence interval); N=19,659.
a
Model 1: adjusted for age, BMI, education level, and energy intake (ln). Model 2: adjusted for Model 1 plus sex, residential area, smoking status, and exercise.