Table 2.
Authors | Subjects | Depression measures | Intervention(duration) | Analysis (t) | Pertinent results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hawkley et al. [81] |
75 subjects |
BDI |
Public speaking stress task (once) |
Serum MIF (0, 15 minutes) |
MIF levels are increased in subjects showing mild to moderate depression (BDI) |
MIF levels are unaffected by the public speaking stress task | |||||
Edwards et al. [59] |
126 healthy subjects |
BDI |
Public speaking stress task (once) |
ELISA for serum MIF (0, 3, 15, 45 minutes) |
MIF levels are increased at baseline in subjects showing high depressive symptoms (BDI) |
UCLA-R | |||||
MIF levels do not change over the time course measured | |||||
Christian et al. [82] |
22 pregnant subjects |
CES-D |
Vaccination for influenza virus (once) |
ELISA for serum MIF (0, 1 weeks) |
Pregnant women with depressive symptoms (CES-D) show increased MIF levels at 1 week |
Katsuura et al. [83] |
209 healthy subjects |
Zung-SDS |
None |
Multiplex suspension array for serum levels of multiple immune mediators (0) |
MIF levels are not significantly associated with depressive symptoms (SDS) |
Musil et al. [85] |
32 MDD patients, 20 healthy controls |
DSM-IV |
Treatment with reboxetine and add-on celecoxib (5weeks) |
ELISA for serum MIF, TGFB, and sCD14 (0, 3, 5 weeks) |
MIF levels are increased at baseline in MDD patients |
HRSD | |||||
MIF levels are unchanged during reboxetine treatment | |||||
Celecoxib reduces HamD scores but does not affect MIF levels | |||||
Cattaneo et al. [86] | 74 MDD patients, 34 healthy controls |
DSM-IV |
Treatment with escitalopram or nortryptiline (8 weeks) | qPCR for serum leukocyte mRNA levels of several candidate genes (0, 8 weeks) | MIF mRNA levels are increased at baseline in treatment-responsive MDD patients; MIF mRNA levels decrease during treatment, but with no correlation to treatment response |
MADRS | |||||
HRSD | |||||
BDI |
All studies collected serum from subjects at the times indicated (0 = baseline) for measurements of peripheral MIF levels. BDI = Beck Depression Inventory; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; DSM-IV = Diagnostics and Statistics Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition; HRSD = Hamilton Depression Scale 17-item version; MADRS = Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale; SDS = Self-Rating Depression Scale; UCLA-R = Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale.