PCR amplification of the mitochondrial (mt) minichromosomes of the Polyplax rat lice. (A) Lane 1: GeneRuler®100 bp DNA Ladder (Thermo Scientific). Lane 2: PCR amplicons generated with primer pair 57F-57R that spans the coding region of each mitochondrial (mt) minichromosome of Polyplax asiatica. Lane 4: PCR amplicons generated with primer pair 301F-301R that spans the coding region of each mt minichromosome of Polyplax spinulosa. (B) PCR verification of the mt minichromosomes of Po. asiatica. Lane 1 and 13: 500 bp DNA Ladder (TIANGEN). Lane 2–12: PCR amplicons from the 11 minichromosomes of Po. asiatica: atp8-atp6, trnE-cob-trnI, cox1-trnL2(taa), trnD-trnY-cox2-nad6, trnR-nad4L-cox3-trnA, trnS1(tct)-trnS2(tga)-nad1-trnT-trnG-nad3-trnW, trnQ-nad2-trnN-trnP, trnK-nad4-trnF, trnH-nad5, rrnS-trnC, trnM-trnL1(tag)-rrnL-trnV. (C) PCR verification of the mt minichromosomes of Po. spinulosa. Lane 1 and 13: 500 bp DNA Ladder (TIANGEN). Lane 2–12: PCR amplicons from the 11 minichromosomes of Po. spinulosa: atp8-atp6, trnE-cob-trnI, cox1-trnL1(tag), trnT-trnD-trnY-cox2-nad6-trnA, trnR-nad4L-trnP-cox3, nad1-trnG-nad3-trnW, trnQ-nad2-trnN, trnK-nad4, trnH-nad5-trnF, trnS1 (tct)-trnS2 (tga)-rrnS-trnC, trnM-trnL2(taa)-rrnL-trnV. Genes from which PCR primers were designed are in bold.