Table 4.
Glucose-Related Biomarkers at Baseline and After the 12-Week Intervention
| Placebo (n=20) | Test (n=21) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 12 | Baseline | Week 12 | |
| HOMA-IR | 1.89±0.12 | 1.66±0.10* | 1.81±0.12 | 1.53±0.12* |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.19±0.18 | 6.18±0.18 | 6.21±0.16 | 6.30±0.18 |
| Ins_0 min (μIU/dL) | 6.98±0.45 | 6.25±0.32† | 6.71±0.45 | 5.81±0.37* |
| Ins_30 min (μIU/dL) | 23.68±4.09 | 22.37±4.26 | 26.43±4.33 | 18.76±3.22** |
| Ins_60 min (μIU/dL) | 32.26±5.91 | 28.68±4.31 | 40.70±6.60 | 33.20±5.54† |
| Ins_120 min (μIU/dL) | 35.68±5.47 | 35.32±5.48 | 39.24±6.72 | 31.0±5.29† |
| Ins_AUC (μIU/dL×h) | 55.68±8.15 | 51.89±7.56 | 66.10±9.88 | 51.65±7.87** |
| C-pep_0 min (μEq/L) | 1.77±0.15 | 1.81±0.15 | 2.10±0.18 | 1.79±0.19* |
| C-pep_30 min (μEq/L) | 5.09±0.62 | 5.10±0.55 | 5.45±0.47 | 4.66±0.45** |
| C-pep_60 min (μEq/L) | 7.66±0.73 | 7.93±0.63 | 8.67±0.69 | 7.99±0.67† |
| C-pep_120 min (μEq/L) | 8.11±0.62 | 8.19±0.59 | 9.45±0.68 | 8.72±0.78 |
| C-pep_AUC (μEq/L×h) | 12.85±1.09 | 13.05±1.00 | 14.57±1.03 | 13.19±1.03* |
Data values are reported as mean±SE. Tested by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (intragroup comparison) and by the Mann–Whitney test (intergroup comparison for initial value).
†
P<.1, *P<.05, **P<.01 compared with baseline in each group.
HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; Ins, insulin; C-pep, C-peptide; Ins_AUC, insulin area under curve; C-pep_AUC, C-peptide area under curve.