Table 1. Descriptive statistics and within-group effects on symptom measures at each assessment.
| Measure | Pre-treatment
Mean (SD) |
Post-treatment
Mean (SD) |
Follow-up
Mean (SD) |
Within-group effect size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre- to post-treatment
(95% CI) |
Pre-treatment to
follow-up (95% CI) |
||||
| PSS-I | |||||
| Completers | 31.6 (4.7) | 19.2 (9.9) | 17.1 (8.5) | 1.61 (0.65–2.47)* | 2.32 (1.16–3.31)* |
| ITT | 31.6 (4.7) | 22.0 (9.8) | 21.5 (8.6) | 1.25 (0.44–2.00)* | 1.45 (0.61–2.21)* |
| PCL-C | |||||
| Completers | 59.0 (11.2) | 46.9 (14.9) | 43.1 (13.3) | 0.95 (0.08–1.76)* | 1.33 (0.35–2.22)* |
| ITT | 59.0 (11.2) | 50.1 (13.3) | 48.1 (11.5) | 0.73 (-0.03–1.44)† | 0.96 (0.18–1.69)* |
| GAD-7 | |||||
| Completers | 14.1 (4.4) | 9.3 (4.7) | 8.0 (4.0) | 1.06 (0.18–1.87)* | 1.42 (0.42–2.31)* |
| ITT | 14.1 (4.4) | 11.1 (5.2) | 9.9 (3.8) | 0.62 (-0.13–1.34) | 1.00 (0.22–1.73)* |
| PHQ-9 | |||||
| Completers | 15.3 (4.2) | 11.7 (6.2) | 11.3 (5.5) | 0.70 (-0.14–1.50)* | 0.86 (-0.06–1.72)* |
| ITT | 15.3 (4.2) | 12.1 (5.3) | 11.8 (4.7) | 0.66 (-0.10–1.37) | 0.78 (0.02–1.50)* |
| SDS | |||||
| Completers | 21.3 (5.5) | 16.6 (10.8) | 12.8 (8.9) | 0.59 (-0.24–1.39) | 1.26 (0.29–2.1)* |
| ITT | 21.3 (5.5) | 18.3 (9.9) | 16.6 (8.8) | 0.37 (-0.36–1.09) | 0.65 (-0.1–1.36)† |
| K-10 | |||||
| Completers | 32.2 (5.5) | 25.8 (7.3) | 24.0 (8.0) | 1.03 (0.5–1.84)* | 1.28 (0.30–2.16)* |
| ITT | 32.2 (5.5) | 27.7 (6.7) | 26.9 (6.7) | 0.73 (-0.02–1.45)* | 0.85 (0.08–1.57)* |
Note: Intention-to-treat (ITT) model (n=15) was employed with pre-treatment scores carried forward if post-treatment or follow-up data were not available. Completer data were available for 10 participants at post-treatment and 8 at follow-up. Abbreviations: PSS-I: PTSD Symptom Scale – Interview Version; PCL-C: PTSD Checklist – Civilian Version; GAD-7: Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-Item; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire – 9 Item; K10: Kessler 10 Item; SDS: Sheehan Disability Scale. * p < 0.05; † p < 0.06.