Ubiquitin-mediated protein conjugation. Ubiquitination is the enzymatic process of conjugating ubiquitin, 8 kDa protein, to a target protein. This process involves a highly regulated series of enzymatic reactions. The E3 ubiquitin ligases are the crucial components that provide specificity to the process through direct interaction with the substrate, or target protein. Ubiquitination can result in, among other things, target degradation