Table 3. Neuropsychological performance.
HC (n = 18) | SG (n = 6) | SP (n = 8) | HC - SG | HC - SP | SG - SP | |
General Cognitive Function | p | p | p | |||
MMSE | 29.11±1.28 | 27.50±1.38 | 27.25±2.49 | 0.016 | 0.022 | 0.250 |
Sustained Attention | ||||||
MoCA subtest (/11) | 11 | 10.83±0.41 | 9.50±1.77 | 0.083 | 0.000 | 0.072 |
Digit Span Forward (WAIS-III) | 5±1.14 | 4.67±1.37 | 4.75±1.49 | 0.560 | 0.642 | 0.462 |
Working memory | ||||||
Digit Span Backwards (WAIS-III) | 3.83±1.04 | 3.83±0.75 | 3.38±1.30 | 0.747 | 0.274 | 0.643 |
Premotor functions | ||||||
Luria' sequences (/5) | 5 | 4.67±0.82 | 3.87±1.81 | 0.083 | 0.007 | 0.227 |
Rhythms subtest (/10) | 8.78±1.35 | 7±2.45 | 6.75±3.11 | 0.054 | 0.060 | 0.713 |
Interference and Inhibitory control (/3) | 2.89±0.32 | 2.83±0.41 | 2.38±0.74 | 0.727 | 0.028 | 0.762 |
Verbal fluency | ||||||
Letter (P) | 11.67±3.11 | 12.17±4.67 | 7.50±4.81 | 0.814 | 0.014 | 0.522 |
Semantic (Animals) | 16.39±3.74 | 16.67±6.62 | 13.50±4.69 | 0.898 | 0.106 | 0.467 |
Language | ||||||
Boston Naming Test (/15) | 11±2 | 13 (10–14) | 9±3.02 | 0.152 | 0.056 | 0.037 |
Psychomotor speed (seconds) | ||||||
Trail Making Test A (seconds) | 59.94±23.45 | 54.50±22.189 | 127.50±84.34 | 0.968 | 0.046 | 0.064 |
Grooved Pegboard Test (preferred hand; seconds) | 72.33±11.87 | 68.83±14.26 | 146.25±97.16 | 0.557 | 0.009 | 0.109 |
Visuospatial Skills | ||||||
Right Line cancellation test (/18) | 18 | 18 | 18 | – | – | – |
Left Line cancellation test (/18) | 18 | 18 | 18 | – | – | – |
Values are means ± standard deviations in Student’s t-test or medians (interquartile range) in Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables. Values are n (%) for categorical variables in Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. p shows statistical comparison between groups. Abbreviations: MMSE = Mini Mental State Examination; HC = Healthy Control; SG = Stroke Group with good recovery; SP = Stroke group with poor recovery.