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. 2014 Jan 24;9(1):e86119. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086119

Table 3. Neuropsychological performance.

HC (n = 18) SG (n = 6) SP (n = 8) HC - SG HC - SP SG - SP
General Cognitive Function p p p
MMSE 29.11±1.28 27.50±1.38 27.25±2.49 0.016 0.022 0.250
Sustained Attention
MoCA subtest (/11) 11 10.83±0.41 9.50±1.77 0.083 0.000 0.072
Digit Span Forward (WAIS-III) 5±1.14 4.67±1.37 4.75±1.49 0.560 0.642 0.462
Working memory
Digit Span Backwards (WAIS-III) 3.83±1.04 3.83±0.75 3.38±1.30 0.747 0.274 0.643
Premotor functions
Luria' sequences (/5) 5 4.67±0.82 3.87±1.81 0.083 0.007 0.227
Rhythms subtest (/10) 8.78±1.35 7±2.45 6.75±3.11 0.054 0.060 0.713
Interference and Inhibitory control (/3) 2.89±0.32 2.83±0.41 2.38±0.74 0.727 0.028 0.762
Verbal fluency
Letter (P) 11.67±3.11 12.17±4.67 7.50±4.81 0.814 0.014 0.522
Semantic (Animals) 16.39±3.74 16.67±6.62 13.50±4.69 0.898 0.106 0.467
Language
Boston Naming Test (/15) 11±2 13 (10–14) 9±3.02 0.152 0.056 0.037
Psychomotor speed (seconds)
Trail Making Test A (seconds) 59.94±23.45 54.50±22.189 127.50±84.34 0.968 0.046 0.064
Grooved Pegboard Test (preferred hand; seconds) 72.33±11.87 68.83±14.26 146.25±97.16 0.557 0.009 0.109
Visuospatial Skills
Right Line cancellation test (/18) 18 18 18
Left Line cancellation test (/18) 18 18 18

Values are means ± standard deviations in Student’s t-test or medians (interquartile range) in Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables. Values are n (%) for categorical variables in Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. p shows statistical comparison between groups. Abbreviations: MMSE = Mini Mental State Examination; HC = Healthy Control; SG = Stroke Group with good recovery; SP = Stroke group with poor recovery.