Table 3. Prevalence, unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of stunted children according to maternal anthropometry, DHS/Brazil, 2006.
| Women anthropometry | Stunting children – HAZ<−2 SD | |||||
| % (SE) | p1 | Unadjusted PR (95% CI) | P2 | Adjusted3 PR (95% CI) | P2 | |
| Height | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.001 | |||
| <145 cm | 20.0 (4.4) | 3.98 (2.10–7.55) | 2.95 (1.51–5.77) | |||
| 145–149 cm | 14.1 (2.3) | 2.81 (1.58–4.98) | 2.29 (1.33–3.93) | |||
| 150–154 cm | 7.0 (1.2) | 1.38 (0.83–2.30) | 1.09 (0.63–1.87) | |||
| 155–159 cm | 6.0 (1.4) | 1.19 (0.60–2.36) | 0.89 (0.45–1.77) | |||
| ≥160 cm | 5.0 (1.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Body Mass Index | 0.23 | 0.32 | 0.57 | |||
| Undernutrition (<18.5 kg/m2) | 13.5 (6.5) | 1.86 (0.69–4.97) | 1.64 (0.63–4.26) | |||
| Eutrophic (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) | 7.3 (1.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2) | 5.1 (1.0) | 0.70 (0.44–1.12) | 0.78 (0.48–1.27) | |||
| Obesity I (30–34.9 kg/m2) | 7.0 (2.0) | 0.96 (0.54–1.71) | 1.09 (0.63–1.89) | |||
| Obesity II–III (≥35 kg/m2) | 6.3 (2.6) | 0.86 (0.37–2.00) | 0.80 (0.29–2.22) | |||
| Waist circumference | <0.0001 | 0.01 | 0.02 | |||
| Eutrophic (<80 cm) | 9.3 (1.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Overweight (80–87.9 cm) | 3.9 (0.7) | 0.43 (0.28–0.66) | 0.48 (0.27–0.84) | |||
| Obesity (≥88 cm) | 5.5 (1.0) | 0.59 (0.39–0.89) | 0.43 (0.19–0.95) | |||
Note: 1Design-based Pearson chi-squared test;
2
p for trend test;
3
Prevalence ratios adjusted for maternal age, maternal education, smoking status, maternal parity, household income and household food security.
The model for waist circumference was additionally adjusted for maternal height and maternal BMI. HAZ: height-to-age z-score; BMI: body mass index.