Table 4. Child body mass index-for-age z-scores according to maternal anthropometry, DHS/Brazil, 2006.
| Women anthropometry | BAZ | ||||||
| n | Mean (SE) | p1 | Unadjusted difference (95%CI) | p2 | Adjusted3 difference (95%CI) | p2 | |
| Height | 0.67 | 0.80 | 0.27 | ||||
| <145 cm | 122 | 0.23 (0.20) | −0.19 (−0.60, 0.21) | −0.05 (−0.48, 0.37) | |||
| 145–149 cm | 396 | 0.51 (0.08) | 0.08 (−0.11, 0.28) | 0.13 (−0.07, 0.33) | |||
| 150–154 cm | 959 | 0.47 (0.05) | 0.04 (−0.11, 0.18) | 0.11 (−0.06, 0.27) | |||
| 155–159 cm | 1,224 | 0.41 (0.06) | −0.01 (−0.17, 0.15) | 0.01 (−0.17, 0.18) | |||
| ≥160 cm | 1,276 | 0.43 (0.05) | Reference | Reference | |||
| Body Mass Index | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Undernutrition (<18.5 kg/m2) | 171 | −0.03 (0.12) | −0.40 (−0.64, −0.16) | −0.34 (−0.60, −0.08) | |||
| Eutrophic (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) | 2,164 | 0.37 (0.04) | Reference | Reference | |||
| Overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2) | 1,067 | 0.47 (0.06) | 0.10 (−0.03, 0.23) | 0.12 (−0.02, 0.26) | |||
| Obesity I (30–34.9 kg/m2) | 397 | 0.73 (0.08) | 0.35 (0.18, 0.53) | 0.37 (0.19, 0.55) | |||
| Obesity II–III (≥35 kg/m2) | 175 | 0.82 (0.12) | 0.45 (0.19, 0.70) | 0.42 (0.15, 0.69) | |||
| Waist circumference | 0.02 | 0.004 | 0.99 | ||||
| Eutrophic (<80 cm) | 1,818 | 0.35 (0.04) | Reference | Reference | |||
| Overweight (80–87.9 cm) | 946 | 0.47 (0.05) | 0.12 (−0.2, 0.25) | 0.05 (−0.12, 0.23) | |||
| Obesity (≥88 cm) | 1,120 | 0.56 (0.06) | 0.20 (0.06, 0.35) | −0.02 (−0.29, 0.25) | |||
Note: 1Overall F-test;
2
p for trend test;
3
mean differences adjusted for maternal age, maternal education, smoking status, maternal parity, household income and household food security.
The model for waist circumference was additionally adjusted for maternal height and maternal BMI. Sample sizes for adjusted models were 3,407, 3,404 and 3,325 for maternal height, BMI and WC, respectively. BAZ: body mass index-to-age z-score; WC: waist circumference; BMI: body mass index.