Table 3. Publications describing effectiveness and safety outcomes of the MeNZB vaccine.

Citation* (author/year)	Design and aims	Outcomes
Arnold et al., Vaccine 2011[86]	Effectiveness estimates of MeNZB in children up to 19 y of age using GEE model and NIR data through 2008. Examined waning of the immune response after 12 mo and cross-protection against other meningococci.	Effectiveness of 77–79% for ages 6 mo–19 y during 2002–2008.
Galloway et al., Int J Epidemiol 2009 [57]	Cohort analysis from NIR data for children aged 6 mo to < 5 y followed for 24 mo after vaccination with MeNZB.	Effectiveness was 80–85% compared with unvaccinated children in the 24 mo after eligibility for vaccination.
Kelly et al., Amer J Epidemiol 2007 [85]	Post licensure effectiveness of MeNZB was estimated using a GEE model and data from the NIR for children aged 6 weeks to 19 y.	Disease rates were 3.7 times higher in the unvaccinated group yielding a vaccine effectiveness of 73%.
O’Hallahan et al., NZMJ 2009; 122:48–59 [92]	Outcomes of the MeNZB vaccination program in New Zealand: vaccine coverage, effectiveness, safety risk management.	MenB disease decreased after MeNZB introduction. Safety outcomes were generally positive, and the vaccine exhibited a well-defined reactogenicity profile in various age groups.
McNicolas et al., Hum Vaccin 2007; 3:196–204 [90]	Describes intensive safety monitoring activities.	Vaccine was associated with fever outcomes in infants and injection-site pain in adolescents. These events were generally transient and self-limiting.

*For a more complete list of publications; see the chapters “Safety Monitoring in New Zealand” and “MeNZB Program Effectiveness” in the text. **GEE, generalized estimating equation; NIR, National Immunisation Register