Table 1.
Summary of the effects of demographic grouping on avoidance of the stairs in shopping malls
| Name (date) | Site | N | Multi | Females vs. Males | Age | Old vs. Young | Overweight vs. Not | Bag vs. No Bag |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andersen, Franckowiak, Snyder, Barlett, & Fontaine (1998) | Baltimore (U.S.) | 17,901 | no | = | 40/40+ | = | OW > N | exclude |
| Kerr, Eves, & Carroll (2001b) | Birmingham 1 (U.K.) | 13,934 | yes | F > M | – | – | – | – |
| Birmingham 2 (U.K.) | 16,084 | yes | F > M | 60/60+ | O > Y | – | B > NB | |
| Birmingham 1 (U.K.) | 12,588 | yes | F > M | 60/60+ | O > Y | – | B > NB | |
| Kerr, Eves, & Carroll (2001c) | Wolverhampton (U.K.) | 45,361 | yes | F > M | 60/60+ | O > Y | – | B > NB |
| Kerr, Eves, & Carroll (2001a) | Redditch (U.K.) | 12,018 | yes | F > M | 60/60+ | O > Y | – | = |
| Kidderminster (U.K.) | 11,961 | yes | = | 60/60+ | O > Y | – | = | |
| Webb & Eves (2005) | Wolverhampton (U.K.) | 32,597 | yes | F > M | 60/60+ | O > Y | – | B > NB |
| Nomura, Enoki, Okezaki, & Sato (2006) | Kochi City (Japan) | 9,834 | yes | = | 65/65+ | O > Y | B > NB | |
| Webb & Eves (2007b) | Birmingham 1 (U.K.) (exp.) | 29,713 | yes | F > M | 60/60+ | O > Y | – | B > NB |
| Birmingham 3 (U.K.) (gen.) | 47,553 | yes | F > M | 60/60+ | O > Y | – | B > NB | |
| Webb & Eves (2007a) | Coventry (U.K.) | 42,313 | yes | F > M | 60/60+ | O > Y | – | B > NB |
| Eves, Masters, McManus, Leung, Wong & White (2008) | Lok Fu (Hong Kong) | 18,257 | yes | = | 60/60+ | = | – | B > NB |
| Webb & Cheng (2010) | Nottingham (U.K.) | 20,807 | yes | F > M | – | – | OW > N | = |
| Eves & Hoppé (unpub) | Birmingham 1 (U.K.) | 24,148 | yes | F > M | – | – | – | exclude |
| Overall total | 355,069 | 11/15 | 10/12 | 2/2 | 9/12 |
Note. “Multi” indicates whether the results were from multivariate analyses, and “Age” gives the distinction between age groups that coders were asked to make. For the body of the table, = indicates no significant differences between the demographic groups in that column, – indicates that the demographic grouping was not coded in that study, > indicates that one group avoided stairs more than the other (e.g., F > M means that females avoided stairs more than did men). Exp. = experimental staircase, gen. = generalization staircase, F = females, M = males, O = older pedestrians, Y = younger pedestrians, OW = overweight pedestrians, N = not overweight, B = indicates those carrying a large bag, NB = those without a large bag. “Exclude” indicates that individuals encumbered with large bag were not coded in that study.