Table 2.
Summary of the effects of demographic grouping on stair avoidance in travel contexts
| Name (date) | Site | N | Multi | Females vs. Males | Age | Old vs. Young | Overweight vs. Not | Bag vs. No Bag |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brownell, Stunkard, & Albaum (1980) | Station (U.S.) | 24,603 | no | F > M | 30/30+ | O > Y | OW > N | exclude |
| Blamey, Mutrie, & Aitchison (1995) | Station (Scotland) | 22,275 | yes | F > M | – | – | – | exclude |
| Kerr, Eves, & Carroll (2001b) | Station (England) | 25,319 | yes | F > M | – | – | – | exclude |
| Andersen et al. (2006) | Station (U.S.) | 16,035 | no | = | 40/40+ | = | OW > N | exclude |
| Iversen, Händel, Jensen, Frederiksen, & Heitman (2007) | Station (Denmark) | 6,264 | yes | = | – | – | – | exclude |
| Station (Denmark) | 25,818 | yes | = | – | – | – | exclude | |
| Olander, Eves, & Puig Ribera (2008) | Station (England) | 36,239 | yes | F > M | – | – | – | exclude |
| Eves, Olander, Nicoll, Puig Ribera, & Griffin (2009) | Station (England) | 41,717 | yes | F > M | – | – | – | exclude |
| Nomura, Yoshimoto, Akezaki, & Sato (2009) | Station (Japan) | 43,241 | yes | F > M | Student/ 65/65+ | O > Y | – | – |
| Puig-Ribera & Eves (2010) | Station (Spain) | 33,119 | yes | F > M | 60/60+ | O > Y | – | B > NB |
| Müller-Riemenschneider et al. (2010) | Station (Germany) | 1,557 | no | F > M | – | – | – | |
| Ryan, Lyon, Webb, Eves, & Ryan (2011) | Station (Scotland) | 5,056 | yes | F > M | – | – | – | exclude |
| Station (Scotland) | 15,259 | yes | F > M | – | – | – | exclude | |
| Lewis & Eves (2011) | Station (England) | 23,121 | yes | F > M | – | – | OW > N | exclude |
| Andersen & Bauman (2011) | Station (U.S.) | 9,766 | no | = | 40/40+ | O > Y | OW > N | exclude |
| Lewis & Eves (2012) | Station (England) | 38,697 | yes | F > M | – | – | – | exclude |
| Eves & Puig-Ribera (unpub) | Station (Spain) | 36,479 | yes | F > M | 60/60+ | O > Y | – | B > NB |
| Station (Spain) | 31,302 | yes | F > M | 60/60+ | O > Y | – | B > NB | |
| Station (Holland) | 37,479 | yes | F > M | – | – | – | exclude | |
| Eves & Thorpe (unpub) | Station (England) | 2,510 | yes | F > M | 60/60+ | O > Y | – | B > NB |
| Subtotal | 16/20 | 7/8 | 4/4 | 4/4 | ||||
| Brownell, Stunkard, & Albaum (1980) | Mall, bus, and train station (USA) | 21,091 | no | F > M | 30/30+ | O > Y | OW > N | exclude |
| Meyers, Stunkard, Coll, & Cooke (1980) | Mall, airport, bus, and train station (U.S.) | 3,217 | no | – | – | – | OW > N | exclude |
| Russell & Hutchinson (2000) | Airport (U.S.) | 3,369 | yes | M > F | 40/40+ | O > Y | – | exclude |
| Coleman & Gonzalez (2001) | Airport (U.S.) | 34,125 | no | F > M | – | – | – | exclude |
| Adams et al. (2006) | Airport (U.S.) | 15,574 | yes | F > M | youth/adult/senior | O > Y | OW > N | B > NB |
| Eves & Masters (2006) | Travelator (Hong Kong) | 57,801 | yes | F > M | 60/60+ | O > Y | – | exclude |
| Eves et al. (2008) | Travelator (Hong Kong) | 76,710 | yes | F > M | 60/60+ | O > Y | – | exclude |
| Stairs (Hong Kong) | - | yes | M > F | 60/60+ | O > Y | – | exclude | |
| Subtotal | 5/7 | 6/6 | 3/3 | 1/1 | ||||
| Grand Total | 711,867 | 21/27 | 13/14 | 7/7 | 5/5 |
Note. “Multi” indicates whether the results were from multivariate analyses, and “Age” gives the distinction between age groups that coders were asked to make. For the body of the table, = indicates no significant differences between the demographic groups in that column, – indicates that the demographic grouping was not coded in that study, > indicates that one group avoided stairs more than the other (e.g., F > M means females avoided stairs more than did men). F = females, M = males, O = older pedestrians, Y = younger pedestrians, OW = overweight pedestrians, N = not overweight, B = indicates those carrying a large bag, NB = those without a large bag. “Exclude” indicates that individuals encumbered with large bag were not coded in that study.