Table 2.
Overexpression of C. elegans proteins implicated in AD
| C. elegans protein | C. elegans promoter | Expression in C. elegans | Fold over-expression | Rescuing ability & phenotypes | Transgene name/(plasmid) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Endogenous expression of APL-1 | ||||||
| APL-1 | apl-1 | head and tail neurons, ventral cord, hypodermis and supporting cells, vulva muscles | 125x | rescues apl-1 null lethality; low level (5.5%) L1 lethality; reduced brood size; sluggish | ynIs86 | (Hornsten et al. 2007) |
| APL-1::GFP | 180x | rescues apl-1 null lethality; high level (70%) L1 lethality and morphological defects; cell and organ detachment; reduced brood size; sluggish | ynIs79 | (Hornsten et al. 2007) | ||
| APL-1 extracellular domain | rescues apl-1 null lethality; slowed development; reduced brood size; sluggish | ynIs71, ynEx106, ynIs106A | (Hornsten et al. 2007) | |||
| APL-1ΔGoa | rescues apl-1 null lethality | (Hornsten et al. 2007) | ||||
| APL-1ΔE1b | rescues apl-1 null lethality | (Hornsten et al. 2007) | ||||
| APL-1ΔE2c | rescues apl-1 null lethality | (Hornsten et al. 2007) | ||||
| APL-1ΔE1-E2d | no rescue of apl-1 null lethality | (Hornsten et al. 2007) | ||||
| Neuronal expression of APL-1 | ||||||
| APL-1 | snb-1 | constitutively in all neurons; pharynx; arcade cells; distal tip cell; vulval muscle; spermatheca; gonad sheath cells; body wall muscle; hypodermis; seam cellse | 71x and 17x respectively | rescues apl-1 null lethality; reduced brood size; sluggishness | ynIs12, ynIs13 | (Hornsten et al. 2007) |
| APL-1 extracellular domainf | rescues apl-1 null lethality | ynEx166 | (Hornsten et al. 2007) | |||
| APL-1::GFP | rab-3 | constitutively in all neurons | rescues apl-1 null lethality | (Hornsten et al. 2007) | ||
| Expression of Proteins in the γ-secretase complexg | ||||||
| SEL-12 | sel-12 | constitutively in most cell types, except intestine | rescues sel-12 null phenotypes | byIs100, byIs101, SEL-12 | (Levitan et al. 1996; Wittenburg et al. 2000) | |
| SEL-12 | ttx-3 | only in AIY neuron | rescues sel-12 null phenotypes | (pBY478) | (Wittenburg et al. 2000) | |
| SEL-12 | egl-13 | Pi cell, neurons, bodywall muscles, intestine | partially rescues egg laying defect and Pi cell fate of sel-12 null worms | (cHNC2) | (Cinar et al. 2001) | |
| HOP-1 | sel-12 | constitutively in most cell types, except intestine | rescues sel-12 null phenotypes | HOP-1 | (Li and Greenwald 1997) | |
| APH-1 | sel-12 | constitutively in most cell types, except intestine | rescues egg laying defect of aph-1 null worms (Note: no rescue under aph-1 endogenous promoter) | Ce3aph-1 | (Francis et al. 2002) | |
| PEN-2 | pen-2 | neurons, muscles, intestine, vulva | rescues egg laying defect of pen-2 null worms | pen-2 genomic | (Francis et al. 2002) | |
| PEN-2 | sel-12 | constitutively in most cell types, except intestine | rescues egg laying defect of pen-2 null worms | Ce pen-2 | (Francis et al. 2002) | |
| Endogenous expression of the α-secretase | ||||||
| ADM-4 | adm-4 | pharynx, intestine, tail | rescues sterility of sup-17; adm-4 double mutants | arEx399, arEx400 | (Jarriault and Greenwald 2005) | |
a
APL-1ΔGo: deletion of Go-binding sequence
b
APL-1ΔE1: deletion of E1 domain
c
APL-1ΔE2: deletion of E2 domain
d
APL-1ΔE1-E2: deletion of E1 through E2 domains
e
Expression pattern of Psnb-1::GFP (BC11116; Hunt-Newbury et al. 2007)
f
APL-1EXT: the entire extracellular domain of APL-1. APL-1EXT is not further cleaved and is slightly larger than sAPL-1
g
No rescue of maternal effect lethal phenotype for aph-1, aph-2, pen-2, probably due to co-suppression of their endogenous locus in the germline, a general germline effect described in Dernburg et al. (2000)