Table 3.
Associations of school-level characteristics and 12-month mental health service use by class of 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI disorder in the multilevel logistic regression model1
| Class of Disorder | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Distress | Behavior | Substance | ||||
| OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | |
| Student/mental health provider ratio | 0.9 | (0.7–1.2) | 1.0 | (0.8–1.2) | 0.8 | (0.7–1.1) |
| School Mental Health Resources | ||||||
| Number of MH curricula | 0.9 | (0.7–1.2) | 0.8 | (0.6–1.1) | 1.0 | (0.7–1.5) |
| Memo of agreement | 1.2 | (0.7–2.1) | 0.9 | (0.5–1.8) | 1.7 | (0.7–4.2) |
| Counseling | 1.0 | (0.7–1.4) | 0.7* | (0.6–0.9) | 0.7 | (0.5–1.0) |
| Prevention | 1.1 | (0.9–1.4) | 0.9 | (0.7–1.2) | 2.0* | (1.5–2.8) |
| Early identification | 1.1 | (0.9–1.5) | 1.5* | (1.0–2.2) | 1.2 | (0.8–1.7) |
| Collaboration with families | 0.7* | (0.6–0.9) | 0.9 | (0.7–1.1) | 1.0 | (0.7–1.2) |
| School-level Covariates | ||||||
| School Violence | 0.9 | (0.8–1.0) | 0.8 | (0.6–1.1) | 1.0 | (0.7–1.3) |
| Emotional/Behavioral Problems | 1.1 | (0.9–1.3) | 1.1 | (0.9–1.4) | 0.9 | (0.7–1.2) |
| Academic engagement | 1.1 | (0.8–1.4) | 0.7 | (0.5–1.0) | 0.8 | (0.5–1.3) |
| Teacher connection | 0.8 | (0.7–1.1) | 1.2 | (1.0–1.5) | 1.1 | (0.7–1.8) |
| Socio-demographics | ||||||
| Public (vs. private) | 0.8 | (0.4–1.5) | 1.1 | (0.4–3.1) | 0.4* | (0.2–0.8) |
| Percent students who are non-Latino White | 1.0 | (0.7–1.3) | 1.0 | (0.8–1.4) | 1.2 | (0.8–1.7) |
| Major Metropolitan area (vs. rural) | 2.0 | (0.9–4.6) | 3.1* | (1.4–7.2) | 4.8* | (2.0–11.5) |
| Other urbanized area (vs. rural) | 1.8 | (1.0–3.3) | 2.1 | (1.0–4.6) | 7.1* | (2.8–17.8) |
| Student/teacher ratio | 1.1 | (0.8–1.4) | 1.2* | (1.0–1.5) | 1.0 | (0.8–1.4) |
| χ216 | 46.4* | 73.0* | 75.5* | |||
| (n) | (714) | (720) | (534) | |||
*
Significant at the .05 level, two-sided test.
1
Results are based on a multilevel random-effects regression model estimated in 227 schools. See text for a description of the individual-level controls included in the model. Adolescents with fear disorders are not included in the table because of non-significant associations of school-level characteristics and mental health service use.