Figure 1.
Adjusted ORs for GDM and pesticide exposure category during pregnancy among wives of farmers in the AHS, 1993–1997. Models adjusted for BMI at enrollment, mother’s age at pregnancy, parity, race, and state categorized as shown in Table 1. Indirect exposures include planting, pruning, weeding, picking, or harvesting. Residential exposures include applying pesticides to garden or inside house. Agricultural exposures include mixing or applying pesticides to crops or repairing pesticide application equipment.