Table 1.
Performance on background neuropsychological tests, including verbal memory, word retrieval and comprehension, executive skills, literacy, numeracy and early visual, visuoperceptual and visuospatial processing.
| Test | Raw score |
Norms/comment | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FOL | CLA | ||
| MMSEb | 24/30 | 27/30 | FOL: impaired |
| Short Recognition Memory Test for wordsa, c (joint auditory/visual presentation) | 21/25 | 24/25 | Within normal range |
| Concrete synonyms testd | 20/25 | 24/25 | Within normal range |
| Naming (verbal description) | 19/20 | 11/20 | CLA: <1st %ile; FOL: normal limits |
| Cognitive estimatese (error score) | 1 | 17 | CLA: <1st %ile; FOL: normal limits |
| Calculation (GDAf)a | 0/24 | 8/24 | FOL: <1st %ile; CLA: normal limits |
| Spelling (GDSTg – Set B, first 20 items)a | 18/20 | 19/20 | Within normal range |
| Gesture production testh | 14/15 | 9/15 | – |
| Digit span (forwards) | 11/16 (7 items) | 12/16 (7 items) | FOL: 25th–50th %ile; CLA: >50th %ile |
| Digit span (backwards) | 6/16 (3 items) | 7/16 (4 items) | Within normal range |
| Early visual processing | |||
| Visual acuity (CORVISTi): Snellen | 6/9 | 6/18 | CLA: near-normal; FOL: normal |
| Figure-ground discrimination (VOSPj) | 17/20 | 14/20 | <5th %ile |
| Shape discrimination – Efron squaresk | |||
| Easy (oblong edge ratio 1:1.63) | 19/20 | 20/20 | Healthy participants with normal vision |
| Moderate (oblong edge ratio 1:1.37) | 19/20 | 19/20 | Make no errors on difficult version |
| Difficult (oblong edge ratio 1:1.20) | 9/20 | 14/20 | |
| Hue discrimination (CORVIST) | 2/4 | 2/4 | Impaired |
| Visuoperceptual processing | |||
| Object decision (VOSP)a | 15/20 | 7/20 | CLA: <5th %ile; FOL: 10th–25th %ile |
| Unusual and usual viewsl: unusual | 5/20 | 0 | <1st %ile |
| Unusual and usual viewsl: usual | 18/20 | 10/20 | <1st %ile |
| Visuospatial processing | |||
| Fragmented letters (VOSP)a | 8/20 | 0/20 | <5th %ile |
| Number location (VOSP) | 5/10 | 5/10 | <1st %ile |
| Dot counting (VOSP) | 7/10 | 10/10 | FOL: <5th %ile; CLA: normal limits |
| A Cancellationm: completion time | 60 | 50 | <5th %ile |
| A Cancellationm: number of letters missed | 1 | 0 | – |
| CORVIST reading test | 16/16 | 16/16 | – |
| Graded non-word reading testn | 24/25 | 22/25 | – |
a
Behavioural screening tests supportive of PCA diagnosis.
f
Graded Difficulty Arithmetic test (GDA; Jackson and Warrington, 1986).
g
Graded Difficulty Spelling Test (GDST; Baxter and Warrington, 1994).
h
Crutch (unpublished).