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. 2014 Jan 6;111(3):930–935. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1316312111

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Fig. 4. — ES/TRAIL liposomes functionalize leukocytes under shear flow in vitro to target and kill cancer cells. (A) Flow cytometry plots of COLO 205 cells in untreated samples (Left) and when treated in human blood with ES (Center) or ES/TRAIL (Right) functionalized leukocytes (but no unbound liposomes) under shear flow. (B and C) Number of viable COLO 205 (B) and PC-3 (C) cells per volume of blood after treatment with leukocytes functionalized with ES/TRAIL or ES liposomes, but with no unbound liposomes, in human blood (Washed), or after treatment with ES or ES/TRAIL liposomes in blood (Unwashed). n = 3 for all samples. Bars represent the mean ± SD in each treatment group. **P < 0.001, ***P < 0.0001 (unpaired t test). (D and E) Schematic of the two-step mechanism involving decoration of leukocytes with liposomes (D), which then contact circulating cancer cells and activate the death receptor (E).