CEBiP dimerization and activation of chitin receptor complex by chitin oligosaccharides. (A) Molecular size-shift measurements of the effect of (GlcNAc)8 on the oligomerization state of LysM1-2 (a) and LysM1-2 I122A mutant (b), respectively. (c) Effect of (GlcNβ1,4GlcNAc)4 on molecular size. (d) Effect of (GlcNAc)8 after pretreatment with an equimolar amount of (GlcNβ1,4GlcNAc)4. All measurements were conducted by light scattering using a 100-μM protein concentration and a protein:ligand ratio of 1:2. (B) Specific inhibition of (GlcNAc)8-induced ROS generation by (GlcNβ1,4GlcNAc)4 in rice cells. Concentration of (GlcNAc)8 was 0.1 nM and the other oligosaccharides were 100nM. Competing oligosaccharides, (GlcNβ1,4GlcNAc)4, (GlcNβ1,4GlcN)4 or (GlcNA)4 were pretreated 10 min before the addition of (GlcNAc)8.