Table 3.
Malaria-Attributable Fractions and Retinopathy Attributable Fractions, by Histidine-Rich Protein 2 (HRP2) Level, Among Children Admitted With Nontraumatic Acute Encephalopathy
| Category | Attributable Fraction, % (95% Confidence Interval), by HRP2 Level |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| >0 U/mL | ≥5 U/mL | ≥10 U/mL | ≥20 U/mL | ≥30 U/mL | ||||||
| WHO-defined cerebral malaria | 92.9 (83.9–97.8) | 96.4 (90.0–99.3) | 96.5 (90.3–99.4) | 96.7 (90.5–99.4) | 96.9 (90.9–99.5) | |||||
| At least one retinopathy feature | 76.7% | 52.1%–90.9% | 83.6% | 59.3%–95.1% | 84.0% | 59.6%–95.3% | 84.3% | 60.0%–95.5% | 85.1% | 60.9%–95.8% |
| Peripheral whitening | 97.7% | 71.1%–100.0% | 99.4% | 79.6%–100.0% | 99.5% | 80.0%–100.0% | 99.5% | 80.4%–100.0% | 99.6% | 81.0%–100.0% |
| Macular whitening | 98.8% | 87.2%–100.0% | 99.8% | 92.7%–100.0% | 99.8% | 93.4%–100·0% | 99.8% | 93.5%–100·0% | 99.8% | 93.6%–100·0% |
| Hemorrhages | 90.1% | 67.2%–98.5% | 94.6% | 74.5%–99.7% | 94.8% | 74.7%–99.7% | 94.9% | 75.0%–99.7% | 95.2% | 74.8%–99.8% |
| Papilledema | 67.2% | 0%–95.6% | 75.0% | 0%–98.9% | 75.5% | 0%–99.0% | 76.0% | 0%–99.1% | 76.8% | 0%–99.2% |
| Vessel color changesa | 0% | 0%–79.9% | 0% | 0%–87.4% | 0% | 0%–87.7% | 0% | 0%–88.0% | 0% | 0%–88.7% |
All AFs were adjusted for age and year of study.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; WHO, World Health Organization.
a All AFs and the lower levels of their 95% CIs were ≤0, but the upper levels of their 95% CIs were large. The lower levels of the 95% C1s of the AF for papilledema were ≤0.