Table 1.
Participant Characteristics of the Framingham Osteoporosis Study With 2 Measures of BMD Characterized Hip or Major Osteoporotic Fractures During 12 Years of Follow-up
| Characteristicsa | No. (%) of Participants | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Participants (N = 802) | No Major Osteoporotic Fracture (n = 689) | Major Osteoporotic Fractureb (n = 113) | Hip Fracture (n = 76) | |
| Age at baseline BMD, mean (SD), y | 74.8 (4.5) | 74.9 (4.5) | 74.5 (4.3) | 74.8 (4.4) |
| Age at second BMD measure, mean (SD), y | 78.8 (4.5) | 78.8 (4.5) | 78.5 (4.2) | 78.8 (4.3) |
| Women | 492 (61.4) | 397 (57.6) | 95 (84.1) | 62 (81.6) |
| Prior fracture | 256 (31.9) | 204 (29.6) | 52 (46.0) | 31 (40.8) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 26.8 (4.6) | 27.0 (4.5) | 25.4 (4.9) | 25.2 (5.4) |
| Weight change between baseline and second BMD measure, mean (SD), lb | −2.3 (9.8) | −2.3 (10.0) | −1.8 (8.1) | −2.5 (8.2) |
| Current smoker | 63 (7.9) | 52 (7.6) | 11 (9.7) | 10 (13.2) |
| Excess alcohol use | 60 (7.5) | 53 (7.7) | 7 (6.2) | 4 (5.3) |
| Glucocorticoid use | 26 (3.2) | 22 (3.2) | 4 (3.5) | 2 (2.6) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 8 (1.0) | 7 (1.0) | 1 (0.9) | 0 |
| Baseline | ||||
| BMD, mean (SD), g/cm2c | 0.79 (0.14) | 0.80 (0.14) | 0.71 (0.12) | 0.70 (0.13) |
| T scored | ||||
| ≥−1.0 | 176 (21.9) | 169 (24.5) | 7 (6.2) | 4 (5.3) |
| −1.01 to −2.49 | 423 (52.7) | 375 (54.4) | 48 (42.5) | 29 (38.2) |
| ≤−2.5 | 203 (25.3) | 145 (21.0) | 58 (51.3) | 43 (56.6) |
| Hip fracture risk score, median (IQR), % | ||||
| Baseline | 3.5 (1.8–6.3) | 3.3 (1.7–5.8) | 5.8 (3.2–9.9) | 6.8 (3.2–9.9) |
| Second BMD measurec | 4.1 (2.4–7.1) | 3.8 (2.2–6.3) | 6.8 (4.1–11.1) | 7.7 (4.2–11.1) |
| Second BMD measure | ||||
| BMD, mean (SD), g/cm2 | 0.77 (0.15) | 0.79 (0.15) | 0.68 (0.12) | 0.67 (0.13) |
| T score | ||||
| ≥−1.0 | 148 (18.5) | 140 (20.3) | 8 (7.1) | 5 (6.6) |
| −1.01 to −2.49 | 382 (47.6) | 343 (49.8) | 39 (34.5) | 23 (30.3) |
| ≤−2.5 | 272 (33.9) | 206 (29.9) | 66 (58.4) | 48 (63.2) |
| Hip fracture risk score using the second BMD measure, median (IQR), %d | 4.6 (2.6 to 8.3) | 4.2 (2.5 to 7.5) | 8.2 (4.7 to 13.5) | 8.6 (5.0 to 13.8) |
| Change in BMD, mean (SD) per year, % | −0.6 (1.8) | −0.6 (1.8) | −0.9 (1.9) | −1.2 (2.00) |
| Absolute change in BMD, mean (SD) per year, g/cm2 | −0.005 (0.01) | −0.005 (0.01) | −0.006 (0.01) | −0.008 (0.01) |
Abbreviations: BMD, bone mineral density; BMI, body mass index, which is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared; IQR, interquartile range.
Measured at the time of the second BMD measure, unless otherwise specified.
Major osteoporotic fracture includes fractures of the hip, spine, shoulder, and forearm. This category is not mutually exclusive with the hip fracture category.
Risk scores were estimated using updated clinical characteristics at the time of the second BMD test along with historic (baseline) BMD.
Risk scores were estimated using updated clinical characteristics and the second BMD test.