Table 3. Univariable and multivariable* logistic regression analyses of factors associated with chronic energy deficiency (body mass index <18 kg/m2) in women and men aged ≥18 years.
| Women | Men | |||||||
| Variables | Univariable | Multivariable | Univariable | Multivariable | ||||
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| 18–24 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| 25–34 | 1.17 (0.73–1.88) | 0.506 | 1.06 (0.64–1.74) | 0.824 | 0.51 (0.30–0.88) | 0.016 | 0.53 (0.29–0.96) | 0.035 |
| 35–44 | 0.90 (0.55–1.49) | 0.693 | 0.81 (0.48–1.36) | 0.424 | 0.32 (0.18–0.58) | <0.001 | 0.28 (0.15–0.54) | <0.001 |
| 45–54 | 0.66 (0.37–1.16) | 0.147 | 0.54 (0.30–0.99) | 0.047 | 0.28 (0.15–0.54) | <0.001 | 0.22 (0.11–0.45) | <0.001 |
| ≥55 | 0.88 (0.52–1.51) | 0.647 | 0.80 (0.45–1.44) | 0.460 | 0.65 (0.37–1.15) | 0.141 | 0.35 (0.18–0.68) | 0.002 |
| High School | ||||||||
| Completed | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Not Completed | 1.57 (0.95–2.60) | 0.080 | – | 1.51 (1.01–2.26) | 0.043 | 1.58 (0.97–2.60) | 0.068 | |
| Household Monthly Income (rupees) | ||||||||
| >1000 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| ≤1000 | 1.66 (1.19–2.33) | 0.003 | 1.68 (1.17–2.41) | 0.005 | 2.24 (1.54–3.25) | <0.001 | 2.03 (1.33–3.11) | 0.001 |
| Traditionally advantaged group | 0.62 (0.44–0.87) | 0.006 | 0.67 (0.46–0.97) | 0.035 | 0.53 (0.34–0.82) | 0.004 | – | |
| Work | ||||||||
| Non Govt/Govt employed | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Self-employed | 1.33 (0.75–2.38) | 0.329 | 1.42 (0.78–2.57) | 0.250 | 0.94 (0.55–1.62) | 0.826 | 0.85 (0.48–1.50) | 0.567 |
| Farming and livestock | 1.79 (1.15–2.78) | 0.010 | 2.20 (1.39–3.49) | 0.001 | 1.87 (1.22–2.89) | 0.004 | 1.71 (1.06–2.74) | 0.026 |
| Homemaker | 1.01 (0.67–1.54) | 0.947 | 1.14 (0.74–1.76) | 0.557 | – | – | ||
| Unemployed† | 0.89 (0.44–1.79) | 0.738 | 0.88 (0.40–1.94) | 0.747 | 3.14 (1.67–5.93) | <0.001 | 2.41 (1.17–4.97) | 0.017 |
| Energy (kJ/day)‡ | ||||||||
| Meeting RDA | 1.0 | 1.0 | – | |||||
| Below RDA | 1.04 (0.60–1.79) | 0.888 | 1.26 (0.65–2.42) | 0.494 | – | |||
Govt, Government; RDA, Recommended Daily Allowance.*Multivariable analyses were adjusted for all other variables in the column. The multivariable analysis for women included 635 observations and the pseudo-R 2 was 0.0383 and for men there were 522 observations and the pseudo-R2 was 0.0844. Values in bold are significant at a P≤0.05. †Unemployed include students and retirees. ‡Low energy intake for women was defined as <9330 kJ/day and <11422 kJ/day for men.